Peaty soils

Moor-boden, m. marshy soil, -erde, /, bog earth, peaty soil, muck soil, moorig, a. boggy, peaty. 

Moor-kohle,/. moor coal (black subbituminous coal), -lauge, /. extract from bog earth or peat, -mergel, m. bog marl, -salz, n, salt from peaty soil, -wasser, n. peat water. Moos, n. moss, -achat, m. moss agate, moosartig, a. moss-like, mossy. 

Torf-asche, /. peat ashes, -boden, m. peat soil, -eisenerz, n. bog iron ore. -erde, /. peaty soil, peat mold, -faser,/. peat fiber, -gas, n, peat gas. -geruch, m. peaty odor, -ge-schmack, m. peaty taste, fiavor of peat, torfhaltig, a. containing peat, peaty, torfig, a. peaty. 

Cinders and acid peaty soils are obviously among the soils most corrosive toward copper. There is, however, no direct relationship between the rate of corrosion and any single feature of the soil composition or constitution". For instance, in the American tests corrosion in several soils with either low pH or high conductivity was not particularly severe, while the British tests show that high chloride or sulphate contents are not necessarily harmful. 

Forage legumes, of which white clover is the most important, are particularly sensitive to calcium deficiency and will not thrive. Ideally, soil pH should be maintained between 5.8 and 6.5. Heavy-textured soils such as clay require more lime than sandy soils to raise pH, because the higher levels of clay and organic matter act as a buffer against change, and the same is true of peaty soils. 

England, muscle shrews from mineral soils vs. peaty soils ... 

While phosphorus export from agricultural systems is usually dominated by surface runoff, important exceptions occur in sandy, acid organic, or peaty soils that have low phosphorus adsorption capacities and in soils where the preferential flow of water can occur rapidly through macropores (Sharpley et al., 1998 Sims et al., 1998). Soils that allow substantial subsurface exports of dissolved phosphorus are common on parts of the Atlantic coastal plain and Honda, and are thus important to consider in the management of coastal eutrophication in these regions. 

In data assembled by Greenland (1997), the mean level of organic carbon in the topsoils of wetland rice soils from across tropical Asia was 2%, and after excluding acid peaty soils the mean was 1 %. This compares with a range of 1.27-1.81 % for Oxisols and Ultisols of the Cerrado region of Brazil (Sanchez,... 

Peaty soil This forms where wet, acidic conditions prevent full decomposition of organic matter. Peaty soil is black and feels spongy, and cannot be rolled into a ball. It is rich in organic matter and very easy to work, but can get very dry in summer and may be very acidic (see Soil chemistry,p.30). 

Hay has been analysed by NIR for crude protein, acid detergent fibre, dry matter, lignin and IVDMD, rapeseed for oil and water and spring field beans for N to name but a few applications. Most macroinorganic constituents of peaty soil can be determined, and moulds have been measured in hay, tall fescue and barley (Malley and Nilsson, 1995). A short bibliography is given below. 

This kind of enrichment of uranium is most pronounced where peat bogs or peaty soils lie in the path of surface water draining rocks from which uranium is being leached. Armands (1967) described a situation where water entering bogs in Northern Sweden averaged 0.1 pg U g . He found that peat in the bogs contained up to 3% uranium on a dry basis. Szalay (1958) has shown that peat, fully saturated with uranyl ion, can contain nearly 10% uranium on a dry basis. 

Natural waters in the acid range can arise by absorption of acidic atmospheric gases (Chap. 2) or by the accumulation of humic acids on percolation through peaty soils. They have the potential to mobilize elements of the rocks and soils, through which they flow. In limestone, dolomites, and similar rock formations, calcium, magnesium, and other elements may be dissolved, in the process increasing the pH. At the same time, these processes raise the hardness of water (e.g., Eqs. 4.22 and 4.23). 

Some inorganic elements were drawn into plant tissues through their roots from the swamp water and peaty soil this material is known as "inherent" mineral matter (30) in the final coal. Ultimately the swamp was drowned by rivers or sea water from which sand and mud were deposited onto the dying forest. Peats covered with seawater were injected with sulfate, but those covered by thick and impermeable river muds (fresh water) remained more or less free of sulfate. 

Peaty soils can have Ag contents exceeding 1 ppm. Much higher levels of Ag (> 10 ppm) are generally an indication that the soil has been polluted by human activities such as mining. 

Molybdenum is most commonly deficient in coarse-textured acid soils and low-humus soils. Plant toxicity is associated with poor drainage and alkaline, calcareous, clayey, or peaty soils. 

Interestingly, the relations between soil pH and N supply found along the short transect at Betsele are very much the same as those proposed by Read (1986 1991) as typical for long latitudinal and altitudinal gradients from polar/Alpine conditions through temperate coniferous forests and nemoral deciduous forests to dry and warm temperate steppe conditions. Read proposed that under cold and wet conditions, decomposition of organic matter would be slow and incomplete and result in the formation of acid, peaty soils or thick mor-layers with slow mineralization of organic... 

In 1703 about 20% of area the growing city was on impassable or hardly passable marshlands more than 50% of the territory displayed the formation of peatbogs and peaty soils (Fig. 2). In the process of the city foundation (since 1703) and construction work peat wasn t removed but, as well... 

Some of the Quaternary deposits (buried peats or peaty soils, the sediments of the Littorinia sea and the Mikulinsky bituminous layers) contain natural organic that can be utilized by active microorganisms living in underground space. The development of microorganisms is supplied by industrial and domestic waste contamination, leakages from sewer system and other. It was observed that the tunnels, excavated in contaminated soils, are affected by... 

Fig. 1. Sorption coefficients at equilibrium (left y-axis) obtained for three soils at an initial concentration of 1 mM and desorption characteristics (right y-axis) of ionic liquids. AGl, agricultural soil CL, clayey soil PE, peaty soil SE, marine sediment. Values are the means of two determinations. Reprinted from ref. [12] with the permission of CSIRO PUBLISHD G (http //www.publish.csiro.au/joumals/ajc).

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