Drying fatty oil

Asphalt paints, particularly those based on combinations of gilsonite with drying oils, are used to protect exposed steel structures (e.g., bridges, lattice towers, penstocks) and are recommended for these purposes in DIN 55 928. Since they are also heat resistant, paints of this type are used for protection against corrosion in coking plants and blast furnace plants, as well as to protect the reinforcement bars in aerated concrete. Soft-formulated asphalt paints can be obtained by blending with mineral oils, soft bitumens, or drying (fatty) oils. These are used to protect and seal roofs. 

Phytochemistry The entire plant contains alkaloids (protopine, corydine, sanguinarine, corytuberine, glauvine, glaunine, norcorydine, isoboldine, etc.). The seeds contain up to 30 % drying fatty oil (Yunusov et al. 1973 Yunusov and Israilov 1974 Karimova et al. 1980,1983 Khodzhimatov 1989 Shafiee et al. 1998). 

Phytochemistry The fruits contain carotene, vitamins C, E, Bj and B, folic acid, sugars organic acids, quercetin, isorham-netin, tannins, and semi-drying fatty oil. The leaves contain tannins, vitamin C, and flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin Khalmatov et al. 1984 Yne et al. 2004). 

Phytochemistry Leaves contain alkaloids, glycosides, bitter substances, sesquiterpene lactones (arctiopicrin and onopor-dopicrin), vitamin C and K, resins, titratable acids, sugars, tannins, terpenoids (taraxasteryl acetate), etc. Seeds contain alkaloids, acetates of lupeol and amyrin, and drying fatty oil (Khalmatov et al. 1984 Ul chenko et al. 1993 Khalilova etal.2004). 

Crystals KpHCTarum Drying fatty oil )KbipHoe Bbicbixaioiuee NtacJio... 

The manufacture of alkyd resins (qv), which are obtained by the reactions of polybasic acids or anhydrides, polyhydric alcohols, and fatty oils and acids, consumes about 17% of the phthahc anhydride demand. While materials such as maleic anhydride, isophthahc acid, and fumaric acid can also be used, phthahc anhydride is the most important. The resin provides a binder for coatings that are apphed for either protection or decoration. Ak quahty concerns have put alkyd resins under pressure from water-based coatings which do not emit organic vapors upon drying. 

The dried and polished fingers of turmeric contain 5 to 10% fatty oils, up to 5% volatile oil, and 5 to 10% of the colouring matter, curcumin. 

For the structural analysis of cyclic fatty acid derivatives (polymerized drying oils, copolymerization products of fatty oils with various hydrocarbons), in principle the same graphical methods can be developed as have been described for the investigation of hydrocarbon mixtures. However, the construction of useful graphical representations is hampered by the fact that reliable data on physical constants are restricted to the normal saturated fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl esters the synthesis of pure unsaturated fatty acids is already extremely difficult, to say nothing of more complicated cyclic or branched compounds. 

Substances soluble in Acetone.—From 3 to 5 grams of the substance, weighed exactly and finely divided, are extracted for 4 hours with acetone in a displacement apparatus most of the solvent is then distilled off and the residue dried and weighed. This residue contains mainly the free sulphur, the fatty oils not combined with the sulphur, and any mineral oils and resin. 

Dried, ripe coriander fruit contain steam-volatile oil, fixed (fatty) oil, proteins, cellulose, pentosans, tannins, calcium oxalate and minerals. The major constituents are fibre (23-36%), carbohydrates (about 20%), fatty oil (16-28%) and proteins (11-17%). The residues remaining after distillation of the essential oil contain high fat and protein, which is useful as animal feed. 

Mustafaev et al. (1989) found certain parameters useful in the determination of the quality of fatty oil in coriander fruits. Drying to -16% moisture, grinding in a pirouette mill for 60 s, ageing in a thin layer for 2h for evaporation of volatile oils, comminution in chloroform in a Foss—Lett apparatus, filtration and measurement of acid number and peroxide number are better techniques to be adopted. 

The tissue of the fruits contains fatty oil with resin, mucilage and gum, malates and albuminous matter and, in the outer seed-coat, there are significant amounts of tannin. The yield of ash is about 8%. Dried cumin fruits contain essential oil with over 100 different chemical constituents, including abundant sources of the essential fatty acids, oleic acid (3%), linoleic acid (34%), flavonoid glycosides, tannins, resins and gum (Singh et al., 2006). 

The solubility decreases with increasing molecular weight and polarity. Fatty oils, waxes, resins, steroids, alcaloids, carotenoids and oligomers are less soluble (0.1-1% by weight). Also water exhibits low solubility which mainly depends on temperature, e.g. 0.3% by weight at 50°C. Consequently lipophilic C02-extracts derived from dried plant materials with 10% residual moisture contain small amounts of water. This water however can simply be removed since it is not miscible in the lipophilic extract. 

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