Fatty acid oil process

Fatty acid nitriles Fatty acid-oil process Fatty acid process... 

Different chemical procedures may be used for the synthesis of alkyd re si ns. The choice is usually dictated by the selection of the starting ingredients. Procedures include the alcoholysis process, the fatty acid process, the fatty acid-oil process, and the acidolysis process. 

Fatty Acid-Oil Process. When oil represents only a minor portion (33% or less) of the total furnish of fatty acids in an alkyd formulation, the alcoholysis step may be avoided. All of the ingredients, dibasic acid, polyol, oil, and free fatty acids may be charged together into the reactor and proceed as in the fatty acid process. Apparently, the oil is incorporated into the resin by ester interchange at the reaction... 

When considering biomass as a source of chemical feedstock, it is also important to remember that it is not a homogeneous organic structure. The carbohydrate structures of terrestrial plants are composed of both five-carbon and six-carbon sugar polymers. The lignin component, which binds the polymers together, is an aromatic polymer of nominally propyl-methoxyphenols. In addition, there are proteins and fatty acids/oils, as well as the trace biocomponents that incorporate much of the mineral content. Therefore, processing biomass to chemical products must take into consideration both its bulk chemical structure and its components. 

Fig. 36.2). The methyl ester process for soap manufacture is typically more capital and cost intensive versus the more traditional fats/oils saponification and fatty acid neutralization processes. 

In the same year these recommendations were followed by a news release that placed restrictions in the content of C22 monoenoic fatty acids in processed edible fats and oils. In the news release the minister of Health and Welfare announced that, "the maximum content of C22 monoenoic fatty acids in processed edible fats will be restricted to 5% of the total fatty acids present as of December 1, 1973."... 

This process involves the direct reaction of fatty acid, oil, polyol and dibasic acid. The ratio of fatty acid to oil must be such that a homogeneous reaction mixture results. This process has a cost advantage over the fatty acid process and gives a polyester with high viscosity, where the fatty acid represents 60-65% of the total of fatty acids and oil. Heat-polymerised oil will produce a polyester resin with an even higher viscosity. ... 

Pardun (1979) has described two methods for the continuous refining of soybean oil using ammonia. The first treats water-degummed oil with aqueous ammonia followed by weak (0.5 m) caustic soda, and in the second, crude undegummed oil is treated with citric or formic acid solution followed, without gum separation, by neutralization with ammonia. The soapstock is separated and the ammonia boiled off, leaving, in the second case, a by-product of lecithin enriched with fatty acids. These processes avoid the environmental hazards of the splitting of soapstock with mineral acids. The oil from both processes is washed, dried, bleached and deodorized according to normal practice. 

Oils are subjected to partial hydrogenation (limiting H2 in the presence of a metal catalyst) in order to reduce some unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, a process called hardening that converts oils into fats for the food industry. 

The fatty acid-oil method is a process in which a mixture of fatty acid, triglyceride oil, glycerol, and phthalic anhydride is processed at normal reaction temperature, and a homogeneous resin results. 

Felizardo P, Machado J, Vergueiro D, Correia MJN, Gomes JP, Bordado JM. Study on the glyeerolysis reaction of high free fatty acid oils for use as biodiesel feedstoek Fuel Process Technol 2011 92 1225-1229. 

The Philippines, a major producer of coconut oil, established its first oleochemical plant of limited capacity in 1967. The plant produced only 3,000 t/yr of coco fatty alcohols. Recent data for the Philippines listed a capacity of 25,0001 of alcohol products from coconut oil by the fatty acid hydrogenation process. Philippinas Kao produced 30,0001 of alcohol products from coconut oil using the methyl ester hydrogenation process. 

Separation of Fatty Acids. Tall oil is a by-product of the pulp and paper manufacturiag process and contains a spectmm of fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, and rosia acids, such as abietic acid. The conventional refining process to recover these fatty acids iavolves iatensive distillation under vacuum. This process does not yield high purity fatty acids, and moreover, a significant degradation of fatty acids occurs because of the high process temperatures. These fatty and rosia acids can be separated usiag a UOP Sorbex process (93—99) (Tables 8 and 9). 

Commercial cmde lecithin is a brown to light yeUow fatty substance with a Hquid to plastic consistency. Its density is 0.97 g/mL (Uquid) and 0.5 g/mL (granule). The color is dependent on its origin, process conditions, and whether it is unbleached, bleached, or filtered. Its consistency is deterrnined chiefly by its oil, free fatty acid, and moisture content. Properly refined lecithin has practically no odor and has a bland taste. It is soluble in aflphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, including the halogenated hydrocarbons however, it is only partially soluble in aflphatic alcohols (Table 5). Pure phosphatidylcholine is soluble in ethanol. 

Fig. 2. Flow sheet for the acid circuit processing and recovery of mica from weathered granodiorite ore. An alkaline—cationic circuit may be used by inserting a second conditioner containing lignin sulfonate, adjusting the pH to 8.0, and adding NaOH and DRL (distilled tall oil) fatty acid to the first...

Fatty Acid Process. When free fatty acids are used instead of oil as the starting component, the alcoholysis step is avoided. AH of the ingredients can therefore be charged into the reactor to start a batch. The reactants are heated together, under agitation and an inert gas blanket, until the desired endpoint is reached. Alkyds prepared by the fatty acid process have narrower molecular weight distribution and give films with better dynamic mechanical properties (34). 

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