Palm kernel oil fatty acids

Control of severe nausea and vomiting Prochlorperazine Compazine Glycerin, glyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated cocoanut oil fatty acids and hydrogenated palm kernel oil fatty acids... 

Palm kernel oil -fatty acid source [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMIC ASPECTS] (Vol 5)... 

EINECS 232-425-4 HSDB 1977 Oils, glyceridic, palm kernel Oils, palm kernel Palm kernel oil Palm kernel oil, fatty acid Palm kernel oil [Oil, edible) Palm nut oil Palm oil (from seed). Used in the manufxture of soap, has been used in oliniments and ointments. Yellow-white oil mp = 26-30 d = 0.952. 

The composition of common fats and oils are found in Table 1. The most predominant feedstocks for the manufacture of fatty acids are tallow and grease, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil. Another large source of fatty acids comes from the distillation of cmde tall oil obtained as a by-product from the Kraft pulping process (see Tall oil Carboxylic acids, fatty acids from tall oil). 

Cocoa butter substitutes and equivalents differ greatly with respect to their method of manufacture, source of fats, and functionaHty they are produced by several physical and chemical processes (17,18). Cocoa butter substitutes are produced from lauric acid fats such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils by fractionation and hydrogenation from domestic fats such as soy, com, and cotton seed oils by selective hydrogenation or from palm kernel stearines by fractionation. Cocoa butter equivalents can be produced from palm kernel oil and other specialty fats such as shea and ilHpe by fractional crystallization from glycerol and selected fatty acids by direct chemical synthesis or from edible beef tallow by acetone crystallization. 

To these ingredients, they add fatty acids such as coconut acid and palm acid (the fats in coconut oil and palm kernel oil). 

The raw materials for the manufacture of soap, the alkali salts of saturated and unsaturated C10-C20 carboxylic acids, are natural fats and fatty oils, especially tallow oil and other animal fats (lard), coconut oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, and even olive oil. In addition, the tall oil fatty acids, which are obtained in the kraft pulping process, are used for soap production. A typical formulation of fats for the manufacture of soap contains 80-90% tallow oil and 10-20% coconut oil [2]. For the manufacture of soft soaps, the potassium salts of fatty acids are used, as are linseed oil, soybean oil, and cottonseed oil acids. High-quality soap can only be produced by high-quality fats, independent of the soap being produced by saponification of the natural fat with caustic soda solution or by neutralization of distilled fatty acids, obtained by hydrolysis of fats, with soda or caustic soda solutions. Fatty acids produced by paraffin wax oxidation are of inferior quality due to a high content of unwanted byproducts. Therefore in industrially developed countries these fatty acids are not used for the manufacture of soap. This now seems to be true as well for the developing countries. 

AGs and APGs are produced completely with renewable feedstocks such as glucose and fatty alcohols derived from starch and palm kernel oil [34]. AGs, which are mainly the two homologues C12- and C14-1V-methyl glucamide, are manufactured by reductive amination of glucose followed by acylation with fatty acid derivatives [35],... 

Palm kernel oil. The oil from pressing palm kernels contains triglycerides of stearic, myristic, oleic, palmitic, and lauric acids (the more common fatty acids) and is used in soap manufacture and as a dispersant and accelerator in polymerizations. 

Figure 12.22 gives the most common saturated fatty acids. The IUPAC names are given first. For dodecanoic acid, C12F12402, the parent chain has twelve carbons (do = 2 + deca = 10). The common names of the fatty acids are roughly derived from fats and oils that are rich in that fatty acid. For example, palm and palm kernel oils are rich in palmitic acid. Beef tallow is rich in stearic acid. Although stearic sounds a little bit like steers, it is derived from the Greek word for tallow. 

Fats and oils are triesters of the trivalent alcohol glycerol and three (different) even-numbered aliphatic carboxylic acids, the fatty acids. Fats and oils differ in the length and the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain. The shorter Cio-Ci4-fatty acids are obtained from coconut oil and palm kernel oil. These fatty acids are mostly saturated, and they are used in the manufacture of detergents. Cig-fatty acids are more widely used. Oleic acid, a Cig-fatty acid with an unsaturated bond on the ninth carbon atom, can be produced from many crops. Specific varieties or genetically modified plants, such as rape, have a content of over 90% oleic acid [4]. 

The most produced oils and fats are palm and palm kernel oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil, and of these, palm and rapeseed oil are mostly used for biodiesel production. The major components of these oils are saturated fatty acids with C8-C18 chain lengths and unsaturated C18 fatty acids, such as oleic acid (one double bond, Fig. 9), linoleic acid (two double bonds) and linolenic acid (three double bonds), which all contain cis double bonds only. In palm oil, the major unsaturated constituent is oleic acid (39%) followed by linoleic acid (11%), while in soybean oil, linoleic acid is the major constituent (54%) followed by oleic acid (22%) and linolenic acid (8%) [70]. 

As noted earlier, natural alcohols are produced from coconut oil and tallow as well as some other fats and oils—palm kernel oil, palm oil, sperm whale oil, etc. Most of these natural oils actually consist of fatty triglycerides, i.e., glycerol esterified by three molecules of fatty acid. There is very little free alcohol present in these materials, and the alcohols are derived from the fatty acid moiety of the triglyceride by reduction. 

Each triglyceride molecule has a random distribution of acid chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. However, the composition of fats and oils from a common source is relatively uniform. While fatty alcohols theoretically could be derived from any fat or oil, most are prepared from coconut oil or tallow with an increasing quantity derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil. Approximate compositions (O of these four oils are listed in Table I. 

To obtain substantial yields of surfactant hydrophobes, especially in the most useful C12— 14 range, the choice is restricted to coconut, palm and palm kernel oils. In the C16-18 range, the same oils are also used but animal (normally beef) tallow can be used. The use of animal fats raises some ethical issues but these are not commonly used to produce anionic surfactants. The oils may be converted to methyl esters by transesterification which allows easier distillation to remove heavy/light fractions and the esters are finally hydrogenated to fatty alcohols. Alternatively, the fat or oil can be hydrolysed to fatty acid prior to esterification... 

Fatty acid Arachis oil Babassu oil Coconut oil Cottonseed oil Grapeseed oil Maize oil Mustardseed oil Palm oil Palm kernel oil Palm olein... 

Biochemical stress can be minimized by using frequent feedings to minimize dependence on fatty acid oxidation, particularly for the liver. Meals should have a high-carbohydrate, low-fat content. Medium-chain triglycerides (synthetic or derived from coconut or palm kernel oils) can be used as these lipids can be oxidized independent of carnitine. These steps are particularly important when any external metabolic stress, such as a viral illness, is present. 

Soap products in the United States are produced almost exclusively from tallow (beef) fat and coconut oil or their fatty acid derivatives. The utilization of palm oils, palm kernel oil, and... 

Palm Kernel Oil (Unhydrogenated) is a fat obtained from the kernel of the fruit of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Fam. Arecaceae) by mechanical expression or solvent extraction. It is refined, bleached, and deodorized to substantially remove free fatty acids, phospholipids, color, odor and flavor components, and miscellaneous other non-oil materials. Like coconut oil, it has a more abrupt melting range than other fats and oils. 

Identification Palm Kernel Oil (Unhydrogenated) exhibits the following composition profile of fatty acids determined as directed under Fatty Acid Composition, Appendix VII ... 

---