Exudate, peritoneal

Immunological tests were performed for studying the reactive of peritoneal-exudative cells, especially peritonial macrophages, which are the main effector cells involved in natural resistance (host defence system) against bacterial infection. 

Bioassay for metabolic activity (glycolytic and acid phosphatase activity) of peritoneal-exudative cells after treatment with polysaccharide practions. 

Immunological tests indicated that fraction 1, obtaned by gel chromatography had an immunostimulating activity. It induced migration of peritoneal-exudative cells, respectively peritoneal macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of experimental animals. These cells are with high bactericidic metabolitic activity. 

Signs and Symptoms Depend on the site of infection. Infection may produce osteomyelitis or arthritis pneumonia [with chills, productive cough, low blood pressure (hypotension), difficulty breathing (dyspnea), or chest pain] meningitis or cerebral abscesses (with headache, fever, vomiting, stupor, coma) or intra-abdominal infections (with biliary drainage, hepatic abscess, pancreatic abscess, peritoneal exudate). 

Kerkvliet, N. and Oughton, J., Acute inflammatory response to sheep red blood cell challenge in mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin Phenotypic and functional analysis of peritoneal exudate cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 119, 248, 1993. 

Blowfly maggots that infest or blow the wool of sheep are especially common in warm humid areas, but occur wherever sheep are raised. Several species are involved, but the most troublesome species in Africa is Lucilia cuprina. The flies are attracted either to open wounds or to fermenting wool, the latter a condition that arises when sheep in full fleece are subjected to frequent rains during warm weather. While Lucilia cuprina apparently confines its attack mostly to the wool and the serous fluid that exudes from the skin of infested sheep, some of the associated species may attack the skin and flesh with serious or fatal result. Lucilia sericata has been observed to penetrate the abdominal wall and enter the peritoneal cavity. 

Our finding that the small (6-7 residues) synthetic antigenic sites of Mb stimulated T-cells from peritoneal exudates of Mb-prlmed mice (47), suggested to us (73) that free synthetic peptides may be used during in vitro passage to enrich for T-cells with a selected specificity. Rowever, lymph node cells usually... 

Some cells, such as hybridomas, stem, and hematopoietic cells may require a class of proteins known as interleukins, especially IL-6. This compound can substitute for feeder cells (such as those of the peritoneal exudates or spleen, fibroblasts or timocytes) in the post-fusion stage of hybridoma cultures. IL-6 is secreted by monocytes, T lymphocytes, and endothelial cells and is effective in the stimulation of hybridomas of different species, including lineages that are difficult to cultivate, such as human-mouse and rat-mouse hybrids. IL-6 also presents a synergistic effect with other interleukins to increase antibody production. 

Onyewotu, I. I., Holborow, E. J., and Johnson, G. D., Detection and radioassay of soluble circulating immune complexes using guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells. Nature (London) 248, 156-159 (1974). 

In Hoult s report, sixteen natural and synthetic coumarins were evaluated in rat peritoneal exudate leukocytes for the impact on production of throboxane B2 and leukotriene B4. (Table 4.) Four coumarins exhibited... 

Other high molecular toxins were recorded from the Apicomplexa (Sporozoa). A protein—hyaluronic acid complex (toxotoxin) was described from peritoneal exudates of mice, which is probably produced by hosts in... 

Kaku et al. (199) studied the interaction of GLA with soy protein and casein in mediating immune response and LTB4 production by rat peritoneal exudates cells. They observed that dietary borage oil reduced production of LTB4 from the peritoneal exudates cells and the effect was stimulated by soy protein but not by casein. This study suggests that soy protein, but not casein, may stimulate anti-inflammatory action of GLA-rich oils. 

Peritoneal exudates, containing large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, may be produced in rabbits by the intraperitoneal injection of 200 ml of 0.1% glycogen (C7). Leukocytes from the exudate were withdrawn 4 hours later, washed once in cold 0.34 M sucrose, and... 

More recently Kajimura et al. reports a defensive effect of AR in young mice (5-12 weeks), including its protective effect against Japanese encephalitis virus infection, the enhancement of antibody production by mouse spleen cells, and a beneficial effect on the function of peritoneal exudate cells [160,161]. In this studies two polysaccharides (F-8 and F-9), isolated from the crude polysaccharides AR fraction, enhance the IgM antibody production in aged mice by oral administration. 

The pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities normally contain a small amount of serous fluid that lubricates the opposing parietal and visceral membrane surfaces. Inflammation or infections affecting the cavities cause fluid to accumulate. The fluid may be removed to determine if it is an effusion or an exudate, a distinction made possible by protein or enzyme analysis. The collection procedure is called paracentesis. When specifically apphed to the pleural cavity, the procedure is a thoracentesis if applied to the pericardial cavity, a pericardiocentesis. Paracenteses shordd be performed only by sldlled and experienced physicians. Pericardiocentesis has now been largely supplanted by echocardiography. 

Baird, A., Mormede, P., and Bohlen, R, Immunoreactive fibroblast growth factor in cells of peritoneal exudate suggests its identity with macrophage-derived growth factor,Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 126, 358, 1985. 

In vitro, MDP was reported to inhibit the migration of guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells without exerting cytotoxicity.38>59 adjuvant-... 

The cellular targets of poly I C, on the other hand, may not be identical with those of poly A U. Thus, poly I C, but not poly A U was found to significantly increase natural killer-cell (NK) activity in rat spleen, blood and peritoneal exudate. This effect was thought to be mediated... 

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