Japanese encephalitis virus

A JE-like virus, Rocio virus, has been isolated from fatal human encephalitis cases during an outbreak of encephalitis in the 1970s on the south coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil (Burke and Monath, 2001). 

---

Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Ishikawa T et al (2008) Single dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with poly(y-glutamic acid) nanoparticles provides effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus. Vaccine 26 589-594... 

Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances Japanese Encephalitis Virus. April 23,2001. 

Japanese encephalitis vaccine Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus Active immunization against viral agents causing Japanese encephalitis... 

Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae composed of nearly 70 arthropod-borne viruses that cause important human diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), DENV, West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They cause a variety of diseases including fever, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. In particular, DENV has reemerged in recent years as an increasingly important public health threat affecting more than 100 countries worldwide, with nearly 50 million infections each year and over 2.5 billion people at risk [81]. 

Kaur, R., Rauthan, M., and Vrati, S. (2004), Immunogenicity in mice of a cationic microparticle-adsorbed plasmid DNA encoding Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein, Vaccine, 22, 2776-2782. 

Japanese encephalitis virus envelop protein yes measles virus H and F protein yes... 

Fig. 22.20 Possible phylogenetic scheme of the HCV (Hepaciviri-dae) and GB viruses (especially GBV C/HGV) as well as other members of the Flaviviridae (I) DV = Dengue virus, WNV = West Nile virus, JEV = Japanese encephalitis virus, YFV = yellow...

Suzuki T, Ogata A, Tashiro K, Nagashima K, Tamura M, Yasui K, Nishihira J (2000) Japanese encephalitis virus up-regulates expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIE) mRNA in the mouse brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1517 100-106. 

Markoff L. Points to consider in the development of a surrogate for efficacy of novel Japanese encephalitis virus vaccines. Vaccine 2000 18(Suppl 2) 26-32. 

Kurane I, Takasaki T. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the current inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine against different Japanese encephalitis virus strains. Vaccine 2000 18(Suppl 2) 33-5. 

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine. MMWR Recomm Rep 1993 42(RR-1) 1-15. 

More recently Kajimura et al. reports a defensive effect of AR in young mice (5-12 weeks), including its protective effect against Japanese encephalitis virus infection, the enhancement of antibody production by mouse spleen cells, and a beneficial effect on the function of peritoneal exudate cells [160,161]. In this studies two polysaccharides (F-8 and F-9), isolated from the crude polysaccharides AR fraction, enhance the IgM antibody production in aged mice by oral administration. 

Mosquito-bome members of the genus Flavivims in the family Flaviviridae provide some of the most important examples of emerging diseases, as well as one of the earliest documented disease that spread into a new geographic area Yellow fever virus (YFV) from West Africa into the Americas from the seventeenth century. More recently, the enormous resurgence of DENY in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America and the spread of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) through much of Asia and into Oceania have been recorded (Mukhopadhyay et al. 2005 Mackenzie et al. 2004). 

Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine is indicated for primary inunnnization (1 mL/SC on days 0, 7, and 30) and booster immunization (1 mL/SC after 2 years) against Japanese encephalitis. 

Antiviral activity has been demonstrated mainly for A. membranaceus, that represents the most studied species, expecially against Coxsackie viruses [234] but also against different kinds of viral infections. "Astragali radix" extracts show protective effects against Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection in mice both by oral and intraperitoneal injection this effect is based on a non-specific mechanism during the early stage of injection, before it shifts to antibody production. A. membranaceus (AM) shows curative effects on the mice infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) when somministated with acyclovir (ACV) [329]. The anti-HSV activity of suppository and ointment forms of AM combined... 

---