Immunological testing

For enzymes intended for parenteral use, the manufacturer must assure that the enzyme preparation is essentially pure and free of endotoxins. Electrophoretic and immunologic tests provide the requisite evidence of purity and homogeneity. Most importandy, the manufacturer must remove toxic impurities, eg, bacterial hpopolysacchati.de (endotoxins) which might cause severe toxic reactions such as anaphylactic shock, fever, and vascular coUapse. 

Immunological tests were performed for studying the reactive of peritoneal-exudative cells, especially peritonial macrophages, which are the main effector cells involved in natural resistance (host defence system) against bacterial infection. 

Immunological tests indicated that fraction 1, obtaned by gel chromatography had an immunostimulating activity. It induced migration of peritoneal-exudative cells, respectively peritoneal macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of experimental animals. These cells are with high bactericidic metabolitic activity. 

The activity of the bacterial translational apparatus can be studied in cellfree systems programmed, depending upon the particular experimental need and design, with any of the mRNAs shown in Fig. 12.1 and listed in Table 12.1. The amount of synthesized product can be assessed using either a radioactive test or, when translation is directed by 027IFCp(A), an immunological test (see later). 

The identification of blood is generally performed using immunological tests. However, ToF-SIMS can also be used, with a different approach [Mazel et al. 2007]. Different objects, Dogon and Bamana, presenting thick patina were studied to prove whether or not blood was employed for making the patina. For each object, a microsample of patina was removed from the surface, and cross-sections were prepared by ultramicrotomy. 

Monitor one of the following immunologic tests during therapy ... 

Zober MA, Ott MG, Paepke O, et al. 1992. Morbitity study of extruder personnel with potential exposure to brominated dioxins and furans I Results of blood monitoring and immunological tests. Br J Ind Med 49(8) 532-544. 

Mansell and weiler Immunological Tests for Citrus Quality 343... 

The role of the immunoassay in food science has developed more slowly and, overall, rather few immunological tests are currently being performed on a routine basis. Table III provides a list of some of the major analyses which are available (12). 

Chapter 20. Parish, W. E. Immunological tests to predict toxicological hazards to man. Chapter 21. Venitt, S. Microbial tests in carcinogenesis studies. 

Immunologic Tests in Homosexual Men Who Have AIDS, Chronic Unexplained Lymphadenopathy, or Who Are Asymptomatic... 

No histological alterations were observed in lymph nodes, thymus, and sternal bone marrow of rats exposed for 2 weeks to up to 2,119 mg 4-nitrophenol/m as dust of the sodium salt (Smith et al. 1988). Similar results were reported in rats exposed to up to 30 mg 4-nitrophenol dust/m for 4 weeks (Hazleton 1983). However, since no immunological tests were performed in these studies, reliable NOAELs for immunological effects cannot be determined. 

No exposure-related effects were reported on spleen weight, or on the microscopical appearance of spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of rats administered up to 140 mg 4-nitrophenol/kg/day by gavage for 13 weeks (Hazleton 1989). However, since no immunological tests were performed, a reliable NOAEL for immunological effects cannot be determined. 

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