Methanolic extract fractionation

Identification of Oils by Separation of the Methanol Extractable Fraction, Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 1747. 

The addition of a methanol-extracted fraction of rosemary at a concentration of 16.5-82 mg/ml significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and vinblastine in drug-resistant P-glycoprotein-expressing MCF-7 cells (Plouzek et al. 1999). 

The reactions of PBpy with [Ru(bpy)2Cl2] in water at reflux gives a light-orange polymer complex (78) in which 1.3-1.4moI% of the bpy units of PBpy coordinate to Ru [158]. The photoluminescence spectrum of the methanol-extractable fraction produces a strong emission band at 519 nm, which is compared... 

Krauze-Baranowska M, Cisowski W, Wiwart M, Madziar B (1999) Antifungal biflavones from Cupressocypads leylandii. Planta Med 65 572-573 Kuete V, Simo KS, Ngameni B et al (2007) Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract, fractions and four flavonoids from the twigs of Dorstenia angusticomis Engl. (Moraceae). J Ethnopharmacol 112 271-277... 

Figure 19 Monomer conversion (A), high polymer yield, and methanol extractable fraction (wt.%) as functions of initiator concentration ([I], in mol.% referred to 100 mol of CL) I, CLNa A, AcCL. Figures near indicate the activator molar concentrations A, in mol. %, in nonequimolar experiments. Reproduced from Biagini, E. Costa, G. Russo, S. etal. Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1986, 6,207. ...

Bio-assay guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of the African climbing shrub Stephania dinklagei contains six bioactive alkaloids, among... 

The mycelium (56 g dry weight) was filtered off and the steroidal material was extracted with methylene chloride, the methylene extracts evaporated to dryness, and the resulting residue chromatographed over a Florisil column. The column was packed with 200 g of Florisil and was developed with five 400-ml fractions each of methylene chloride, Skelly-solve 8-acetone mixtures of 9 1, 8 2, 7 3, 1 1, and methanol. The fraction eluted with Skellysolve 8-acetone (7 3) weighed 1.545 g and on recrystallization from acetone gave, in three crops, 928 mg of product of MP 210° to 235°C. The sample prepared for analysis melted at 245° to 247°C. 

Purification of luciferin (Rudie etal., 1976). The luciferin fractions from the DEAE-cellulose chromatography of luciferase were combined and concentrated in a freeze-dryer. The concentrated solution was saturated with ammonium sulfate, and extracted with methyl acetate. The methyl acetate layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to a small volume, then applied on a column of silica gel (2 x 18 cm). The luciferin adsorbed on the column was eluted with methyl acetate. Peak fractions of luciferin were combined, flash evaporated, and the residue was extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was concentrated (1 ml), then chromatographed on a column of SephadexLH-20 (2 x 80 cm) usingmethanol asthe solvent. The luciferin fractions eluted were combined and flash evaporated. The residue was... 

Chloroform-methanol extracts of Borrelia burgdorferi were used for the identification of lipids and other related components that could help in the diagnosis of Lyme disease [58]. The provitamin D fraction of skin lipids of rats was purified by PTLC and further analyzed by UV, HPLC, GLC, and GC-MS. MS results indicated that this fraction contained a small amount of cholesterol, lathosterol, and two other unknown sterols in addition to 7-dehydrocholesterol [12]. Two fluorescent lipids extracted from bovine brain white matter were isolated by two-step PTLC using silica gel G plates [59]. PTLC has been used for the separation of sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol esters in lipids extracted from the pathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum [60]. 

The plant is strongly aromatic on account of an essential oil which comprises cis-a-ocimene (25.11%), 3,7-dimethyl-l,6-octadien-3 ol (16.85%), and trans-nerolidol (13.89%), hence the use of the plant in aromatherapy. A methanolic extract of bark of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. and its fractions (0.01 mg/mL) from bark inhibit NO and PGE2 production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages without significant cytotoxicity at less than 0.01 mg/mL concentration. The methanol extract decreased the enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase (0.05 mg/mL). These findings suggest that L. cubeba is beneficial for inflammatory conditions and may contain compound(s) with anti-inflammatory properties (63). Can we expect the vasorelaxant laurotetanine (64) isolated from the plant to exert such activity ... 

Choi EM, Hwang JK. Effects of methanolic extract and fractions from Litsea cubeba bark on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. Fitoterapia 2004 75 141-148. 

Lee EB, Li DW, Hyun JE, Kim IH, Whang WK. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Kalopanax pictus bark and its fractions. J Ethnopharmacol 2001 77 197-201. 

To identify plasticisers in simple systems, often an IR spectrum of a methanol or acetone extract (after evaporation of solvent) will enable the positive identification of plasticiser type. For more complex systems it is necessary to initially separate the extractable fraction from the sample on for example a molecular weight basis (molecular size in solution). 

Polyphenols, as one of the largest and most widespread class of plant compounds, are also present in saffron stigma. In the mass spectrum of the flavonoid fraction of the methanolic extract from saffron there were ions at m/z 611 and 633 which may be attributed to protonated and sodiated quasi-molecular ions of kaempferol diglycoside. [22] Flavonoids from the water extract can be isolated and concentrated... 

Heise and Litz [26] investigated the extraction behaviour of surfactants (LAS, NPEO and cationics) from sand comparing Soxhlet extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and microwave-assisted extraction. Fractionation of the three surfactant types anionic, non-ionic and cationic, was accomplished by column chromatography with aluminium oxide. Soxhlet extraction and ASE of spiked sand with methanol—stored during 7 days prior to extraction—gave similar recoveries for both LAS and NPEO with values between 88 and 116%. Less efficient extraction was achieved by microwave extraction (79% for NPEO). 

The nature of the radioactivity in the water, soil and fish from the carbon-14 DDT experiment was examined by thin-layer chromatography as shown in Figure 5. The radioactivity in the water was very polar in nature and did not migrate appreciably from the origin. About 78% of the radioactivity in the soil was extracted with methanol. The major metabolite in the extractable fraction was DDD which represented 33% of the total radioactivity. The reductive dechlorination of DDT to DDD is a known pathway under anaerobic conditions and has been shown to be due to microbial metabolism (5). Since carbon-14 DDT was incor-... 

Figure 11. Molecular weight distributions of middle molecular weight phenolic (solid line) and acidic (broken line) fractions from methanol extract, and higher molecular weight acidic (dotted line) fraction from subsequent aqueous 96% dioxane ract, of spruce wood chips degraded by P, ckrysosporium to 20% loss in lignin content Sephadex LH60A).10 M LiQ-DMF profiles adapted and redrawn from reference 67.

Flavonoid sulphates such as quercetin 3,7-di-O-methyl 3-sulphate and kaempferol 7-0-methyl 3-sulphate, which inhihited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were isolated from the -hutanol fraction of 80% methanol extract of Argyreia speciosa (Burm. f) Boj. (Convolvulaceae), while flavonoids with mti-Helicobacter pylori activity, such as quercetin 3-methyl ether (isorhamnetin) (Fig. 3), were isolated from Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae). ... 

Cuscutic resinoside A (1 tetradecanoic acid, (115)-[[6-deoxy-3-(9-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-0-[(2/ ,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-niethyl-l-oxobutyl]-a-L-nianno-pyranosyl]oxy]-intramol. l,2 -ester) was obtained from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. The purification of this compound employed a combination of column and preparative-scale HPLC. The structure was deduced from spectroscopic evidence and acid hydrolysis 14). The degradative process gave convolvuUnolic acid, nilic acid, and L-rhamnose. The sugar components were identified by GC analysis after being converted to their thiazolidine derivatives. This disaccharide has a unique macrocyclic lactone, which is placed between C-1 and C-2 of the first rhamnose moiety. 

An anti-snake venom principle has recently been reported as a glycosidal quaternary chromone alkaloid named schumanniofoside 36 (14). Extracts of the stem bark were tested against the venom of the black cobra, Naja melanoleuca, in mice. The methanolic extract showed the greatest activity. This was fractionated and monitored to yield 36 as the active component. 

---