Gingko biloba

In nearly every pharmacy, supermarket, and health food store, you can find bottles of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich natural products, such as fish oils, Gingko biloba leaves, and wheat grass. These dietary supplements are intended to help the body control its population of radicals and, as a result, slow aging and degenerative diseases such as heart failure and cancer. 

Leaves of the Gingko biloba tree, which originated in China. Extracts of these leaves are thought to have antioxidant properties. Some also believe that the extracts improve thinking ability by increasing oxygen flow to the brain. 

FIGURE 1.4 Structures of flavonoids and terpenoids from Gingko biloba. 

Fig. 2.47. Chromatographic fingerprints from Rhizoma chuanxiong using gradient elution 1 (a) and 2 (b). Chromatographic fingerprints of a standard extract (c), one extract (d) and one product (e) of Gingko biloba at 360 nm. Peak 1 represents luteolin. Reprinted with permission from F. Gong el al. [147].

Cano-Cuenca B, Algarra JM, Perez Del Valle B, Pellicer P. (1995). [The effect of Gingko biloba on cochleovestibulary pathology of vascular origin]. An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am. 22(6) 619-29. 

The subject of intense research, nitrocytoprotectors (piracetam, gingko biloba, almitrine/raubasine) are searching for their role in acute phase treatment. In certain countries, available drugs have been used in the functional rehabilitation phase (cognitive benefit). BN 80933 is an anti-free radical and anti-NO synthetase molecule which appears to have a powerful curative effect in animals. 

Gingko biloba standardized extract/flavonoids and ginkgolide... 

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) [1] Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) [2] Gingko biloba L. (gingkoaceae) [3] Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) [4] Ononis speciosa lag (Leguminosae) [5]... 

Galluzi S, Zanetti O, Binetti G, Trabucchi M, Erisoni GB. Coma in a patient with Alzheimer s disease taking low dose trazodone and Gingko biloba. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000 68 679-680. 

DeKosky ST et al Gingko biloba for prevention of dementia. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008 300 2253. [PMID 19017911]... 

Can extracts of leaves of Gingko biloba counteract age-related neurological disorders 1225... 

The Internet is bursting with claims that pills and drinks containing extracts of the Ginkgo biloba plant may neutralize free radicals, dilate the blood vessels in your brain, make you smarter, and slow the aging process. How The claim is that Gingko biloba increases the function of acetylcholine neurons and thereby enhances memory and arouses and improves attentional ability. 

In fact, on the rare occasion that this standard has been applied to studies on alternative medicines such as gingko biloba, the results have not been positive. For example, a pair of very large clinical trials that followed the health of more than 3000 people of various ages for 8 years clearly demonstrated that gingko biloba cannot influence the development of age-related memory problems. Another trial indicated that the use of gingko may actually be harmful by increasing an individual s risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke, which is when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked and shuts off blood flow. 

These concerns aside, many people are convinced that they benefit from substances like gingko biloba or the countless... 

When it comes to alternative medicines and therapies that, like gingko biloba, claim to enhance your brain function, never underestimate the power of your own expectations. Not only does your brain influence how you think and feel, but the nature of your thoughts and expectations can influence how your brain and body functions. Thus, if you expect that a drug will act in a certain way on your brain and behavior, then it is much more likely to do so, at least for a while this is the essence of the placebo effect. It s ironic, and possibly way too convenient, that your brain decides for itself how it will experience the drug that it has decided to take. 

Although a short-term modification of blood plasma TAC after ingestion of antioxidant-rich food apparently can be demonstrated, the effect of long-term nutritional intervention seems more doubtful. In one study, administration of 300 mg/day of o -tocopherol increased blood serum TAC by 25% after 7 days and by 32% after 14 days (V2). Administration of standardized Gingko biloba extract (300 mg/(kg day) for 5 days increased TAC of rat blood plasma. Complex-ation of the extract with phosphatidylcholine augmented this effect (C17). Subjects who consumed water spinach twice or more a week had higher mean TAC of blood plasma (W14). 

C17. Carini, M., Aldini, G., Rossoni, G., Morazzoni, R, and Facino, R. M., Complexation of Gingko biloba extract with phosphatidylcholine improves cardioprotective activity and increases the plasma antioxidant capacity in the rat. Planta Med. 67, 326-330 (2001). 

Antidote Buspirone, bupropion, nefazodone, gingko biloba, sildenafil, cyproheptadine, yohimbine, methylphenidate, etc. 

Antiplatelet effect (bilberry leaf, evening primrose, garlic, ginger, gingko biloba, ginseng). Clove contains eugenol derivatives, which inhibit platelets... 

The involvement of oxidative stress in AD has opened a new door for potential therapeutic targets. In this regard, several antioxidants are currently in clinical trials such as Idebenone, a-Lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), vitamin E, vitamin C, flavonoids, P-carotene, gingko biloba, and metal-chelating agents. Idebenone is a metabolic antioxidant and is normally synthesized as part of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Improvements in clinical status after treatment with idebenone have been shown in a dose-dependent manner compared to placebo and tacrine (Thai et al., 2003). 

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