European Union policies

Ganslandt, M., and K. E. Maskus. 2001. Parallel Imports of Pharmaceutical Products in the European Union. Policy Research Working Paper no. 2630. Washington, DC World Bank. 

Sugarcane, 2015. EU Ethanol Policy. Available from http //sugarcane.org/global-policies/ policies-in-the-european-union/policy-overview-ethanol-in-europe (accessed 11.09.15.). 

Collaborative R D has been carried out since the inception of the European Community and the The Maastricht Treaty made R D one of the priority policies of the European Union... 

EC (2000) European parliament and the council of the European union. Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for the community action in the filed of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L32, 1-72... 

Potts, G.R. (2000). The grey partridge. In D. Pain and J. Dixon (Eds.) Bird Conservation and Farming Policy in the European Union. London Academic Press. 

Mossialos, E., C. Ranos and B. Abel-Smith (1994), Cost Containment, Pricing and Financing of Pharmaceuticals in the European Union the Policy-makers View, London LSE Health and Pharmetrica... 

Abel-Smith, B. and E. Mossialos (1994), Cost containment and health care reform a study of the European Union , Health Policy, 28, 89-132. 

In the European Union (EU) replacement of copper-based fungicides with other methods of disease control is a priority in organic farming policy (Anonymous, 2002). They were due to be prohibited by law for use in organic farming in the EU from March 2002 but the ban was delayed because of the increased risk of crop diseases and associated economic losses for organic producers in the medium to long term, until effective alternative... 

The next stage was Britain s accession to the European Economic Community [EEC, commonly known then as the Common Market, and now known as the European Union (EU)], which meant that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) applied. The policy in the form then current sought to penalise the use of food crops from outside the EEC when the crop could be produced inside the EEC. 

A native of London, England, Bernard Miller lived and worked in twenty different nations over a period of thirty years. Travel and adventure shaped his life and work as an employee of the United Nations, the European Parliament and the European Union. In the following narrative he comments on the environmental health policies he has seen in action in various countries. Those comments are inspiring but bittersweet to me, because the U.S. compares so unfavorably. 

The European Commission has bowed to government and industry pressure, and made a series of amendments to water down its proposed European Union chemical policy. Proposals to test polymers under the policy s Reach programme have been all but scrapped, and the number of intermediates requiring testing has been drastically reduced. The concessions mean that the number of chemicals to be tested under Reach has fallen from about 30,000 to about 10,000. Some polymers may have to be registered under the revised version of Reach, but only after a review of the risks they pose, and taking into account the impact on competitiveness, innovation and protection of human health and the environment. EUROPEAN COMMISSION... 

In what is being called the most far-reaching overhaul of European Union environmental policy ever, the European Commission released a draft policy proposal on May 7 that, if enacted, would require virtually all manufacturers of chemicals to provide risk assessments and other information regarding products they sell or ship into the EU. Chemicals would also have to be registered with the EC and many downstream users of products that contain chemical entities would have to file paperwork as well. The Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals, or REACH, proposal would apply to approximately 30,000 new and existing chemicals, and test data would have to be developed on some 5000 specific chemical entities, many of which have been commonly used for decades. EUROPEAN COMMISSION... 

The European Union (EU) environmental policy has put water protection and its sustainable management high on its agenda, reflected by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is now in its implementation phase. 

Liski, J., Karjalainen, T., Pussinen, A., Nabuurs, G.J. and Kauppi, P. (2000). Trees as carbon sinks and sources in the European Union. Environmental Science and Policy, 3(2-3), 91-97. 

SKANSKA, Sweden. Comments on the proposal for a new chemical policy in the European Union - REACH, 9 July 2003 Tetra Pak, Sweden. Comments on the proposal for a new chemical policy in the European Union - REACH, 9 July 2003 Construction Federation, Sweden. Position paper on REACH, 8 July 2003 Swedish Recycling Industries Association. Response to the European... 

Brouwer, F. (1997). Pesticides in the European Union. In Oskam, A. J. and R. A. N. Vijftigsehild (eds) Policy measures to control evironmental impact from agriculture. Proeeedings and Discussion. Workshop on pesticides Wageningen. 

Each Member State of the European Union operates its own policy regarding the pricing of pharmaceutical products. In the United Kingdom, the primary tool is the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS), which is better described as a profit-regulating scheme. This is dealt with in detail in Chapter 26. 

The term substance of very hi h concern, abbreviated SVHC, is associated with a new process that was introduced to the European chemicals policy through the implementation of REACH the authorization process. This procedure aims (1) to encourage the substitution of substances of very high concern with less harmful substances or alternative technologies and (2) assure the proper control of risks arising from SVHC s. A substance being subject to authorization must principally not be used or placed on the market for any use within the European Union. However, specific uses of an authorized substance may be excluded from this general prohibition if, for example, they are a priori exempted from authorization or if the manufacturer, importer, or downstream user successfully applied for their authorization. The authorization process is laid down in REACH Articles 55-66 and may be initiated by the ECHA on behalf of the European Commission or by EU member state competent authorities. Substances which are subject... 

Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Chichester John Wiley Sons Solberg U, Burkhart G Nilson M (2002). An overview of opiate substitution treatment in the European Union and Norway. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13, 477-84 Soyka M (2000). Substance misuse, psychiatric disorder and violent and disturbed behaviour. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 345-50 Spataro J, Mullen PE, Burgess PM, Wells DL Moss SA (2004). Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health. Prospective study in males and females. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 416-21... 

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