Health care reform

Abel-Smith, B. and E. Mossialos (1994), Cost containment and health care reform a study of the European Union , Health Policy, 28, 89-132. 

Grabowski, H.G. and Vernon, ]., Prospects for returns to pharmaceutical R D under health care reform, in Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Robert Helms, Ed., AEl Press, Washington, 1996. 

As Ellison and Mullin (1997, p. 9) noted, in February and March 1993, rumors circulated that the Clinton Health Care Reform Task Force, which was operating in secrecy, was going to include regulation of drug prices in its plan. Such fears seemed supported by statements by President Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton attacking the high prices of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals. ... 

Ellison and Mullin (1997) estimated that the threat of Clinton health care reform reduced the market value of pharmaceutical firms by about 44% during the period from September 1992 to October 1993. Lichtenberg (2004a) estimated that the elasticity of R D investment with respect to market value is 0.225, that is, that a 10% decline in market value is associated with a 2.25% decline in R D investment. Combining these two estimates implies that the threat of Clinton health care reform reduced R D investment by about 9.9% (0.225 0.44). During the period 1986-2000, the average annual number of new molecular entities approved by the FDA was 28.1. Hence, the temporary reduction in R D investment attributable to the threat of Clinton health care reform may, with a lag of 12-15 years, temporarily reduce the number of new molecular entities approved by about 2.8 (9.9% 28.1) per year. 

Steven H. Miles is Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. He served as President of the American Association of Bioethics and was awarded the Distinguished Service Award of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities. He served on President Clinton s Bioethics Working Group on Health Care Reform. 

Health care reform proposals created uncertainty in biotechnology industry. 

By the mid-1990s. President Clinton s health care reform plan was dead, scaring members of Congress away from even sniffing at the issue. However, now there was a new villain on... 

Saltman, R.B. Eigueras, J. Sakellarides, C. Critical Challenges for Health Care Reform in Europe Open University Press Buckingham, UK, 1999. 

The 1993-94 Clinton health care reform plan, in its ideology, provided an ambitious plan to eliminate the enormous problem of lack of access to health care. It proposed to guarantee comprehensive health benefits for all American citizens and legal residents, regardless of health or employment status. The proposal was unsuccessful due to a number of factors, including its vast scope, the complicated nature of the plan, and an underestimation of the politics involved with radically reforming health care. The failure of the Clinton administration health care reform agenda and the subsequent events to revise the American health care system are important lessons of health-care-system related politics. 

The number of uninsured persons is expected to continue to grow. Proposals for health care reform to combat this problem include President Clinton s proposal for Medicare buy-in proposals for middle aged adults and House Majority Leader Dick Armey s (R-TX) proposal for a refundable tax credit to pay for insurance for the uninsured. The 2000 presidential campaign opened the debate for legislation that will improve health care coverage for the uninsured. This public debate on how to enhance access to care will stimulate creative ways to improve the U.S. health... 

Noncompliance with Medications An Economic Tragedy with Important Implications for Health Care Reform The Task Force for Compliance Baltimore, Maryland, 1994 1-39. 

In November 1995, the Pew Health Professions Commission released its third report describing the future of the health professions in the United States.The changes foreseen by the Pew Commission come from the backdrop of failed government-driven health care reform and the emergence of market-driven health care reform. Table 2 illustrates the shifting paradigm in health care as outlined by the Pew Commission. 

Health care reform has renewed the interest in primary care. Major problems with America s health care system include escalating health care costs, maldistribution of health care providers into urban areas, lack of health care insurance, and the excessive utilization of specialists. These issues have assured that health care reform will take place. At the time of this report, the nature and format of a reform plan has not been determined. Nevertheless, many agencies are rapidly evaluating their current health care coverage and are preparing for the inevitable reform that will take place. 

Culyer, A.J., J.W. Posnett, A.J. Culyer, A. Maynard, and J. Posnett, eds. 1990. Competition in Health Care Reforming The NHS. Vol. 1, Hospital Behavior and Competition. London Macmillan. 

Editors of Scientific American. 2008. Pay for what works Presidential candidates must address unneeded medical technology and procedures as part of health care reform. Scientific American Vol. 298 (Special Report on the Future of Physics, February 2008) 32. 

D. E. Beauchamp, Health Care Reform, p. 113, emphasis added. 

Beauchamp, D. E. Health Care Reform and the Battle for the Body Politic. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1996. 

Association of Medical Colleges, Roles for medical education in health care reform, Acad. Med. 69 (1994), 512-515. 

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