REACH programme

The European Commission has bowed to government and industry pressure, and made a series of amendments to water down its proposed European Union chemical policy. Proposals to test polymers under the policy s Reach programme have been all but scrapped, and the number of intermediates requiring testing has been drastically reduced. The concessions mean that the number of chemicals to be tested under Reach has fallen from about 30,000 to about 10,000. Some polymers may have to be registered under the revised version of Reach, but only after a review of the risks they pose, and taking into account the impact on competitiveness, innovation and protection of human health and the environment. EUROPEAN COMMISSION... 

Overall it can be seen that a quite large and far reaching programme would be needed to realise a reduction in NO emissions from stationary and vehicle emitters in order to produce a significant reduction in ambient NO and ozone concentrations. 

Agreement on the NDE plan will be dependent on the extent and relevance of theschedule. Under the amendments proposed to the Rules Surveyors will check that structurally significant welds are included in the shipyard s quality control programme. When agreement has been reached the Surveyor will endorse the plan. 

One way of overcoming these disadvantages of the (DCFRR) method is to make estimates of the times required to reach certain values of (DCFRR). For example, how many years will it take to reach (DCFRR)s of 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent per year, etc. Although (DCFRR) trial-and-error calculations and (NPV) calculations are tedious if done manually, computer programs which are suitable for programmable pocket calculators can readily be written to make calculations easier. 

Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) will be widely integrated in new astronomical instruments for future Extremely Large Telescopes, as well as for existing lOm-class telescopes. The two major applications are programmable slit masks for Multi-Object Spectroscopy (see Ch. 12) and deformable mirrors for Adaptive Optics systems. Eirst prototypes have shown their capabilities. However, big efforts have stiU to be done in order to reach the requirements and to realize reliable devices. 

In a joint project between the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) and Coca Cola Enterprises in the UK it proved possible by redesigning bottle production to reduce the weight of 500 ml PET bottles by 8%. These lighter bottles meet all of the required performance standards, and when production reaches the full scale of 700 million p.a. will save 1400 tonnes of PET. This may seem to be a small improvement, but lightweighting of drinks bottles has been a continuous process for many years, and yet progress is still possible. 

Thus it will be necessary to exploit other more abundant resources of hydrocarbons. In the United Kingdom there are large reserves of coal which could satisfy demand for at least two hundred and fifty years. The National Coal Board currently mines approximately 120 million tons of coal per annum of which 65% is used for generating electricity (JO. (Combustion of the low sulphur British coals does not result in excessive atmospheric pollution.) To satisfy the increased demand for coal the National Coal Board has undertaken an investment programme which includes the development of a mining complex at Selby in Yorkshire which, it is estimated, will produce in excess of 10-million tons when full production is reached in 1988. 

When the volume reaches 100 tonnes per annum the manufacturer or importer has to make a proposal for a testing programme (according to Annex VII of the Regulation). The rapporteur Competent Authority, in consultation with other Competent Authorities and the ECA, agrees the final testing programme, and evaluates... 

In early February 2005, Jose Manuel Barroso relaunched the Lisbon Agenda, the EU s 10-year programme to enhance European competitiveness and economic growth, with an emphasis on REACH. 

In 1953, E. F. Izard of du Pont was awarded the Schoellkopf Medal of the American Chemical Society. The report [36] of this award states that work on the development of a hydrolytically stable polyester was started by Dr Izard in 1944, and it led in a comparatively short time to the discovery of polyethylene terephthalate . The report recognises that polyethylene terephthalate was earlier discovered independently in England by J. R. Whinfield . Izard himself says [37] that the duPont research programme led immediately to the discovery of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which suggests that detailed information from ICI about the structure of the new fibre had not yet reached him by that time. 

With this programme, the vessels reach a maximum temperature of 270°C at zone four. The total digestion time would be 3S minutes. Applications include measurement of total recoverable metals in waste water and the measurement of trace metals in air filters. 

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