European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC

However, the standard used in the United States and the standards used in Europe do not coincide. The dissimilarities are due to a difference in the manner in which hazardous environments are classified and to a divergence in philosophy over the safety factor employed. NFPA 493 uses a safety of 1.5 pertaining to the total energy, while the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) require a safety factor of 1.5 for the voltage or current, which relates to a 2.25 factor of safety for the energy. 

Safe Automation and ANSI/ISA 84.01-1996 served as significant technical references for the first international standard, IEC 61511, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In the United States, IEC 61511 was accepted by ISA as ISA 84.00.01-2004, replacing the 1996 standard. In 2004, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recognized IEC 61511 as a consensus standard for the process industry. IEC 61511 covers the complete process safety management life cycle. With its adoption, this standard serves as the primary driving force behind the work processes followed to achieve and maintain safe operation using safety instrumented systems. 

British Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres (BASEEEA) and Physikalische-Technische Bimdesanstalt (PTB), Germany, which, along with other European approvals bodies, provides certification to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) standards... 

Two directives related to medical devices are the Medical Devices Directive (MDD), enacted in 1993 (mandatory as of June 15,1998), and the Active Implanted Medical Devices Directive (AlMDD), effective since 1995. Safety is the primary concern of this system, and as in the United States, there are three classes of risk. These risks are based on what and for how long the device touches, and its effects. Safety issues include electrical, mechanical, thermal, radiation, and labeling. Voluntary standards that address these issues are formulated by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). 

European standard EN 50131-1 2006. Alarm systems - Intrusion and hold-up systems - Part 1 System requirements. Brussels European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC. 

Europe International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) European Committee for Standardization (CEN) International Standards Organization (ISO)... 

There are also efforts to make standards in different countries uniform. This is called harmonization. In Europe, several organizations attempt to harmonize standards, including the ISO. Other examples are the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 

Also, the electronic control-valve device s level of immunity to, and emission of, electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be an issue in the chemical-valve environment. EMI requirements for the control-valve devices are presently mandatory in the European Community but voluntary in the United States, Japan, and the rest of the world. International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) SOI, Parts I through 4, Electromagnetic Compatibihty for Industrial Process Measurement and Control Equipment, defines tests and requirements for control-device immunity. Immunity and emission standards are addressed in CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) EN 50 081-1 1992, EN 50 081-2 1993, EN 50 082-1 1992, and prEN 50 082-2 1994. 

European Communities are presumed by Member States to comply with those aspects of the essential requirements that are covered by the standard. Harmonised standards are those adopted by the EC standards bodies pursuant to a mandate issued by the Commission, in this case the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC). A large number of standards are contemplated but may take time to be written and adopted. Standards may be horizontal (covering aspects common to all or a number of product types) or vertical (dealing only with a specific aspect or specific product type). Important harmonised standards exist on the following ... 

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CERT EC Certificate of Conformity (by Notified Body)... 

As soon as European standards applicable to the LVD are published (the majority by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC) or the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)) they may be used to demonstrate conformity with the LVD, the title is then published in the European Official Journal (OJ) for information. With all other NA directives, the application of a standard is dependant on its title firstly being published in the OJ. The European Commission has no effective control over the standards bodies. This raised concerns that if a standard was proved to be defective it would be difficult to block its use, certainly within a short time firame because of the difficulties in withdrawing standards. Aligning the LVD with the other NA directives would permit better control through the use of the OJ. The use of international standards (Article 6) and national standards (Article 7) has also come into question. In this... 

The relevant standards have been affected by the standard harmonisation process within the EU through the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC) and through the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC). Individual parts of BS EN 60079 deal with different aspects concerning electric apparatus for potentially explosive gas atmospheres, namely classification of hazardous areas, electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines) and inspection and maintenance of electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines). BS 50014 covers general requirements. 

Test methods estabhshed by industrial associations (eg, BSTDA (The Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry) and EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association), AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists), lEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization), and individual companies... 

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 50128 - Railway applications - Communications, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems. CENELEC, Brussels (2001)... 

CENELEC (1999) EN 50126 Railway Applications - The Specification and Etemonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS). European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization... 

The standards for electrical equipment for use in flammable atmospheres are affected by the harmonisation processes of the EEC, CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation) and the lEC (International Electrotechnical Committee). 

The safety requirements shall be identical worldwide and must be standardized internationally. This is provided by the lEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). Within Europe national standards can form trade barriers, which must be harmonized. This work is done by CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation). Actually the safety standards for stationary batteries and battery installations are being drafted to become a European Norm. The norms for traction batteries and portable batteries will follow. 

A draft European Nebulizer Standard (30) has been submitted for formal approval to CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation European Committee for Standardization). CEN is responsible for European standardization in all fields except Electrotechnical (CENELEC) and Telecommunications (ETSl). Publication of the European Nebulizer Standard is expected during 2001. Included within the European standard are detailed descriptions of two test methods for (1) assessing nebulizer aerosol output inhaled using breath simulation similar to that described previously and (2) assessing nebulized aerosol droplet size using low-flow cascade impaction. Because this standard is expected to be adopted throughout Europe (and possibly more widely), a summary of its contents may be useful to readers. 

In the course of the integration of European states and the removal of trade barriers, national standardization loses importance considerably. The majority of electrical standards comes into existence by international cooperation with IEC, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva/Switzerland. On the basis of IEC Standards many European Standards have been developed in the past. This work has been done by CENELEC, Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique, Brussels/Belgium. European Standards or Norms (EN) often deviate from their IEC origins in their technical content. To avoid double action and to ensure a more effective standardization procedure, IEC and CENELEC are now working in closer cooperation. CENELEC is a private organization and does not act as an institution of the European Union at all. This fact indicates that European Standards need a legal act to come into force. Members of CENELEC are the national committees for standardization of the member states (not identical with the European Union). 

International fire and flammability test standards are developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Committee (lEC). The latter is concerned with electrical products only. Technical committees TC 92 and TC 89 are the primary committees that develop and maintain fire and flammability test standards in ISO and lEC respectively. As in ASTM, there are a number of product- or industiy-specific committees in ISO that also develop fire and flammahihty test standards. For example, SCI on Test Methods of ISO TC 136 on Furniture has puhhshed two ignition tests for upholstered seating. An important difference between ISO and lEC vs ASTM and NFPA is that the international committees establish consensus on a geographical basis. Each coimtiy that actively participates in the work can be a voting member on an ISO or lEC committee. Committees are composed in a similar manner in CEN and CENELEC, which are the European coimterparts of ISO and lEC respectively. However, member coimtries can have multiple votes in CEN and CENELEC committees. The munber of votes is a function of the population of the coimtiy. 

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