European Norms

For continuation of the work on standardisation in the field of NDT TD, Gosstandardt set up a Technical Committee on Standardisation Technical Diagnostics and Non-Destructive Testing (TC-78) This is a social organisation which unites the leading experts on TD NDT, and determines the priority areas of work, and qualified performers in the field of TD NDT Its main aim is unification of the standards of Ukraine with the European norms. 

European Norm EN 1087-1, Wood particleboard. Determination of resistance to humidity. Boiling water test, 1997. 

European Norm EN 321, Wood fibre panels — cycle tests under humid conditions, 1994. European Norm EN 622-2, Wood fibre panels — Specification requirements for hitrd-board, 1998. 

European Norm EN 622-5, Wood fibre panel.s — Specification requirements for dry panels (MDF), 1998. 

Committee of European Norms (CEN), provisional norms prEN. 

European Norm EN 120, Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde content. Perforator extraction method, 1995. 

Owing to the complexity of multi-residue methods for products of animal origin, it is not possible to outline a simple scheme however, readers should refer to methods described in two references for detailed guidance (Analytical Methods for Pesticides in Foodstuffs, Dutch method collection and European Norm EN 1528. ) There is no multi-method specifically designed for body fluids and tissues. The latter matrix can be partly covered by methods for products of animal origin. However, an approach published by Frenzel et al may be helpful (method principle whole blood is hemolyzed and then deproteinized. After extraction of the supernatant, the a.i. is determined by GC/MS. The LOQ is in the range 30-200 ag depending on the a.i.). 

European Norm (EN) 1528, Fatty Food - Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). European Committee for Standardization Beuth Verlag, Berlin (1997). 

European Community European Economic Community Electrical and Electronic Equipment European Norm European Prestandard Environmental Protection Agency (USA)... 

European Union (2008) European Normative EN 15549 - Air Quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in ambient air. EU Publ., Brussels... 

ISO (International Organization of Standardization) was founded in Geneva in 1947 EN is European Norm DIN (Deutsches Institut far Normung) is an Institute in Germany, which provides standardized industrial production/handling norms BS or BSI (British Standards Institution) is British Standards, produced by the BSI ""... 

In Turkey, a number of policy studies have been undertaken including revising energy laws to meet European norms. 

Today in Europe, the term safety valve is used to describe Safety Valves, Safety/ Relief-Valves and Relief Valves. This term is now used in European Norms (EN) and ISO 4126 descriptions. Safety Valves are included as Safety Accessories in the PED (Article 1, paragraph 2.1.3) and are classified in risk category IV (the highest). As with ASME, the legislation texts are complex and possibly open to interpretation. In this book, we have distilled all parts direcdy related to Safety (Relief) Valves and tried to make them comprehensive and practically usable. 

Unlike European norms, API 520 has always published typical backpressure correction factors in its code. These curves serve only as a guide and represent a sort of average for a number of manufacturers. API states that they can be used when the make of the valve is unknown (which is rather unlikely) or for gases and vapours when the critical flow pressure point is unknown. 

Table 15.2 presents the specifications for ethanol fuel following American and European norms. The ethanol concentration should be a minimum 92.1 and 98.7 vol.%, respectively, while the amount of water is kept below 1%. 

Market considerations may play an important role in the feasibleness of this new extraction process by selling this output as a green salable product. Analyses of our raffinates, according to the European Norm for oils, confirmed that the olive oil thus obtained has all the characteristics for human use. 

When the EU Regulation was first published, it set very few guidelines on the qualifications of certification bodies (both within and outside of Europe) and the procedures for their approval. Regulation 1935/95 added the requirement for all inspection bodies to comply with the guidelines set down in European Norm 45011, which is the EN version of IS065. 

As time passes, national standards for area classification have been superseded by international standards (IEC, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva/Switzerland, and EN, European Standard or European Norm, established by CENELEC, Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique, Brussels/Belgium), which have been adopted as subsequent national standards. In the member countries of the European Community (EC), a joint area classification is defined by a directive (Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 1999-12-16). 

Another method - common to all members of the European Union - has been to declare the CENELEC Standards as Harmonized European Norms (HN) on the basis of a directive issued by an authority of the European Union (council or commission). This procedure is described in Section 3.2.2. 

This process generates subsequent sets of Harmonized European Norms, forming the basis for a harmonized certification procedure in all EC member states. Table 3.7 gives an overview, condensing the different standards and their amendments to generations of certificates of conformity. 

A certificate of conformity (there should be a supplement with Harmonized European Norms ) is the usual procedure for type testing and approval... 

Table 3.7(a) Part A Harmonized European Norms (HN) - firedamp-proof equipment (Group I apparatus)... 

Besides the certificate of conformity, there is a rather less common way of certification the control certificate. This relates to apparatus not complying with Harmonized European Norms (HN). It is the decision of a notified body to ensure the equivalent level of safety with respect to well-defined types of protection according to the HN. The notified body informs all other notified bodies after an appropriate safety assessment. If there is no contradiction within a 4-month period, the notified body issues the control certificate. 

Apparatus approved by a notified body (certificate of conformity, control certificate) shall be marked by the manufacturer with an Ex in a hexagon according to Fig. 3.1(a). This mark ensures the compliance of the individual apparatus with the specimen tested by the notified body and ensures that all routine tests according to the relevant Harmonized European Norms (if a certificate of conformity has been issued) or all routine tests prescribed in the control certificate have been carried out and passed successfully. According to Directive 82/130/EEC, apparatus with a control certificate shall be marked with an additional S in a circle (see Fig. 3.1 (b)). 

Harmonized European Norms (HN). Group I equipment shall be additionally marked with an Tin a circle according to Directive 82/130/EEC. (b) Marking of Group I equipment in case of a control certificate according to Directive 82/130/EEC. For Group II equipment with a control certificate , the I in the circle shall be deleted. 

These notified bodies have introduced a type of certificate without any legal status the component certificate, which is marked by a U following the certificate number. This document acts as a working instrument for a simpler handling of components like conductor bushings, terminal blocks or inspection windows. The notified body issuing such a component certificate herewith declares the conformity with the relevant Harmonized European Norm and the relevant type tests. Other notified bodies accept this document without asking for renewed type tests. In this way, components can be handled in a very efficient... 

In addition to the Harmonized European Norms, some directives contain -similar to a standard - technical requirements for electrical apparatus and cables. Especially Directive 82/130/EEC modifies the technical content of standards ... 

In addition, the Ex-mark in a hexagon (see Fig. 3.1(a)), in the special case of Group I apparatus complying with the so-called A generation of Harmonized European Norms (HN) completed by an T in a circle, or, for apparatus with a control certificate, completed by an S in a circle (see Fig. 3.1(b)), shall be affixed to all the apparatus tested and certified according to the article 100 directives (see Table 3.6). 

---