European Committee for

At the European level, the national organizations from both the EU (European Union, formerly the EEC) and the EETA (European Free Trade Association) are grouped in the CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and its counterpart for the electrical industries CENELEC. The standards published by these two organizations have authority in all EU countries as well as the EFTA countries who have voted their approval, which means that these standards have replaced their corresponding national standards. 

European Committee for Standardization (CEN) me Brederode 2, Bte 5 1000 Bmssels, Belgium... 

Also, the electronic control-valve device s level of immunity to, and emission of, electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be an issue in the chemical-valve environment. EMI requirements for the control-valve devices are presently mandatory in the European Community but voluntary in the United States, Japan, and the rest of the world. International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) SOI, Parts I through 4, Electromagnetic Compatibihty for Industrial Process Measurement and Control Equipment, defines tests and requirements for control-device immunity. Immunity and emission standards are addressed in CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) EN 50 081-1 1992, EN 50 081-2 1993, EN 50 082-1 1992, and prEN 50 082-2 1994. 

European Committee for Standardization. EN 689 1. Workplace atmospheres Guidance for the assessment of exposure to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement... 

European Committee for Standardization. CENfTC 156A)PG6 Ventilation for Buildings Design Criteria for Indoor Environment. Draft, European Prestandard prENV 1752, June 1996. 

EN ISO 6946 Building components and building elements—thermal resistance and thermal transmittance—calculation method. 1998. Brussels European Committee for Standardization... 

Arresters—Speeifieations, Operational Requirements and Test Procedures. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. 

CEN (Comite Europeean de Normalisation) Std. EN12874. 2001. Flame Arresters-Speeifieations, Operational Requirements and Test Procedures. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. 

Comite des Constructeurs d Automobiles du Marche Commun represents joint industry opinion on factors such as lubricant specifications, emissions, vehicle design and safety standards. With regard to crankcase lubricants, CCMC defines sequences of engine tests, and the tests themselves are defined by CEC (Coordinating European Committee for the Development of Performance Tests for Lubricants and Engine Euels a joint body of the oil and motor industries). 

European Norm (EN) 1528, Fatty Food - Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). European Committee for Standardization Beuth Verlag, Berlin (1997). 

Corn i to Euro peon de Normalisation European Committee for Standardisation (Brussels, Belgium) Code of Federal Regulations (USA) Colour Index... 

However, the standard used in the United States and the standards used in Europe do not coincide. The dissimilarities are due to a difference in the manner in which hazardous environments are classified and to a divergence in philosophy over the safety factor employed. NFPA 493 uses a safety of 1.5 pertaining to the total energy, while the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) require a safety factor of 1.5 for the voltage or current, which relates to a 2.25 factor of safety for the energy. 

CEN (1999), Air quality — determination of odour concentration measurement by dynamic olfactometry, European Committee for Standardisation, draft prEN 13725. 

Safe Automation and ANSI/ISA 84.01-1996 served as significant technical references for the first international standard, IEC 61511, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In the United States, IEC 61511 was accepted by ISA as ISA 84.00.01-2004, replacing the 1996 standard. In 2004, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recognized IEC 61511 as a consensus standard for the process industry. IEC 61511 covers the complete process safety management life cycle. With its adoption, this standard serves as the primary driving force behind the work processes followed to achieve and maintain safe operation using safety instrumented systems. 

The development of methods of analysis for incorporation into International Standards or into foodstuff legislation was, until comparatively recently, not systematic. However, the EU and Codex have requirements regarding methods of analysis and these are outlined below. They are followed by other International Standardising Organisations (e.g. AOAC International (AOACI) and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)). 

There are other international standardising organisations, most notably the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and AOACI, which follow similar requirements. Although CEN methods are not prescribed by legislation, the European Commission places considerable importance on the work that CEN carries out in the development of specific methods in the food sector CEN... 

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION, General Criteria for the Operation of Testing Laboratories - European Standard EN 45001, Brussels, CEN/CENELEC, 1989. 

The European Commission has mandated the European Committee for Standardization to establish a validated method of analysis for the determination of OMLs and SMLs. If a product complies with the compositional requirements of the directives, i.e., it is produced from authorized monomers and additives, then it may be tested for any desired application. If it meets the migration requirements, it is acceptable for use in cases covered by that test method. Typical food simulants used in the tests are hot water, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol and olive oil. The choice of an appropriate simulant depends on the type of food expected to come into contact with the packaging. 

There are many conspicuous examples of different actions by enantiomeric isomers of the molecules of various drugs. Suffice it to mention thalidomide, which was known as Contergan in Europe and with which many tragedies were connected before it was withdrawn from the market. Since 1992, the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products have required manufacturers to research and characterize each enantiomorph of a potential drug. ... 

Beyond perfonnance optimization, issues relative to packaging and the need for compliance with certain safety and electronics regulatory codes are cited as reasons for a customized solution. In the latter case, a systems approach is required, especially when attempting to meet the code or performance requirements for compliance with European Certification (CE) mark or electrical and fire safety codes such as National Eire Prevention Association (NFPA) and CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechiucal Standardization). Off-the-shelf electronics may provide the necessary performance characteristics for generic applications, and their use eliminates large expenses related to product development, plus the associated time delays. Photonics-related components are solely addressed in this section because they are used to customize instruments for application-specific systems. 

The Agency continued to thrive and play a key role in Europe and also in all the regulatory and scientific activities of the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (see... 

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