European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

Also, the electronic control-valve device s level of immunity to, and emission of, electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be an issue in the chemical-valve environment. EMI requirements for the control-valve devices are presently mandatory in the European Community but voluntary in the United States, Japan, and the rest of the world. International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) SOI, Parts I through 4, Electromagnetic Compatibihty for Industrial Process Measurement and Control Equipment, defines tests and requirements for control-device immunity. Immunity and emission standards are addressed in CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) EN 50 081-1 1992, EN 50 081-2 1993, EN 50 082-1 1992, and prEN 50 082-2 1994. 

However, the standard used in the United States and the standards used in Europe do not coincide. The dissimilarities are due to a difference in the manner in which hazardous environments are classified and to a divergence in philosophy over the safety factor employed. NFPA 493 uses a safety of 1.5 pertaining to the total energy, while the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) require a safety factor of 1.5 for the voltage or current, which relates to a 2.25 factor of safety for the energy. 

Safe Automation and ANSI/ISA 84.01-1996 served as significant technical references for the first international standard, IEC 61511, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In the United States, IEC 61511 was accepted by ISA as ISA 84.00.01-2004, replacing the 1996 standard. In 2004, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recognized IEC 61511 as a consensus standard for the process industry. IEC 61511 covers the complete process safety management life cycle. With its adoption, this standard serves as the primary driving force behind the work processes followed to achieve and maintain safe operation using safety instrumented systems. 

British Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres (BASEEEA) and Physikalische-Technische Bimdesanstalt (PTB), Germany, which, along with other European approvals bodies, provides certification to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) standards... 

Two directives related to medical devices are the Medical Devices Directive (MDD), enacted in 1993 (mandatory as of June 15,1998), and the Active Implanted Medical Devices Directive (AlMDD), effective since 1995. Safety is the primary concern of this system, and as in the United States, there are three classes of risk. These risks are based on what and for how long the device touches, and its effects. Safety issues include electrical, mechanical, thermal, radiation, and labeling. Voluntary standards that address these issues are formulated by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). 

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CERT EC Certificate of Conformity (by Notified Body)... 

European standard EN 50131-1 2006. Alarm systems - Intrusion and hold-up systems - Part 1 System requirements. Brussels European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC. 

Europe International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) European Committee for Standardization (CEN) International Standards Organization (ISO)... 

There are also efforts to make standards in different countries uniform. This is called harmonization. In Europe, several organizations attempt to harmonize standards, including the ISO. Other examples are the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 

Test methods estabhshed by industrial associations (eg, BSTDA (The Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry) and EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association), AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists), lEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization), and individual companies... 

Agreement between the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENEEEC) and the Eederation of European Manufacturers of Batteries (EUROBAT) on cooperation in the field of Electrotechnical Standardization covered by the scope of CENEEEC. 

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 50128 - Railway applications - Communications, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems. CENELEC, Brussels (2001)... 

CENELEC (1999) EN 50126 Railway Applications - The Specification and Etemonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS). European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization... 

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