Ethylene cyclic

Zeonor amorphous copolymer of 2-norbomene and ethylene (cyclic olefin... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BRN 0199405 Cyclic ethylene dodecanedioate 1,4-Dioxacyclohexadecane-5,16-dione EINECS 259-423-6 Ethylene cyclic dodecanedioate Ethylenedodecane-dioate Muskonate. Musk perfume. Oriental Sandal-wood Amber Woody Musk. Not Found In Nature. Huls AG. 

One of the earliest nucleophilic reactions of ethylene cyclic sulfite was reported with phenylmagnesium bromide (56JA454). Depending on the reaction conditions, a 3.4 to 23% yield of bromohydrin and a 42-60% yield of diphenyl sulfoxide were isolated [56CI(L)490j. 

Bis(phenoxyimine) titanium complexes have also been employed in the living copolymerization of ethylene/cyclic olefins and ethylene/l,5-hexadiene. Utilizing 31/MAO and varying ethylene pressure, a series of poly(E-co-CP)s with different cyclopentene contents were prepared (Fujita and Coates, 2002). When ethylene pressure was low (<1 psi), an almost perfectly alternating copolymer was formed (Mn = 21000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.34, T = 10.1 C). However, the use of higher ethylene pressures (3 psi) resulted in the formation of a random copolymer containing 36 mol% cyclopentene (M = 133000g/mol,Mw/Mn = 1.24, T =—A.S°C). Tri- and multiblock copolymers were synthesized in which the constituent blocks differed in their cyclopentene content. 

Derived from an aldehyde or ketone and an alcohol using an acid catalyst. Ethylene glycol or 1,3-dihydroxypropane are frequently used to give 5-or 6-member cyclic products. 

Simplest examples are prepared by the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide. They act as complexing agents which solubilize alkali metal ions in non-polar solvents, complex alkaline earth cations, transition metal cations and ammonium cations, e.g. 12—crown —4 is specific for the lithium cation. Used in phase-transfer chemistry. ... 

ClCHjCHjOH + NaHCOj —> HOCHjCHjOH + COj + NaCl When ethylene chlorohydrin is heated with sodium hydroxide solution, the highly reactive cyclic ether, ethylene oxide, is formed ... 

Supplement 1952 2666-3031 Carbonyl compounds Ethylene carbonate, 100. Piperonal, 116. Thioindigo, 177. Fluorescein, 222. Carboxylic acids Piperonylic acid, 269. Amines, 328. Three Cyclic Oxygens, 381. Four Cyclic Oxygens, 433. Fiite Cyclic Oxygens, 459.. . . ... 

Thus the mechanism for electrophilic addition of Bi2 to ethylene as presented m Figure 6 12 IS characterized by the direct formation of a cyclic bromonium ion as its... 

Ethers like water and alcohols are polar molecules Diethyl ether for example has a dipole moment of 1 2 D Cyclic ethers have larger dipole moments ethylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran have dipole moments m the 1 7 to 1 8 D range—about the same as that of water (1 8D)... 

Crown 4 and 18 crown 6 are a cyclic tetramer and hexamer respectively of repeat mg —OCH2CH2— units they are polyethers based on ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) as the parent alcohol... 

Diols that bear two hydroxyl groups m a 1 2 or 1 3 relationship to each other yield cyclic acetals on reaction with either aldehydes or ketones The five membered cyclic acetals derived from ethylene glycol (12 ethanediol) are the most commonly encoun tered examples Often the position of equilibrium is made more favorable by removing the water formed m the reaction by azeotropic distillation with benzene or toluene... 

Polyamines can also be made by reaction of ethylene dichloride with amines (18). Products of this type are sometimes formed as by-products in the manufacture of amines. A third type of polyamine is polyethyleneimine [9002-98-6] which can be made by several routes the most frequently used method is the polymeriza tion of azitidine [151 -56 ] (18,26). The process can be adjusted to vary the amount of branching (see Imines, cyclic). Polyamines are considerably lower in molecular weight compared to acrylamide polymers, and therefore their solution viscosities are much lower. They are sold commercially as viscous solutions containing 1—20% polymer, and also any by-product salts from the polymerization reaction. The charge on polyamines depends on the pH of the medium. They can be quaternized to make their charge independent of pH (18). 

Cyclic Polyolefins (GPO) and Gycloolefin Copolymers (GOG). Japanese and European companies are developing amorphous cycHc polyolefins as substrate materials for optical data storage (213—217). The materials are based on dicyclopentadiene and/or tetracyclododecene (10), where R = H, alkyl, or COOCH. Products are formed by Ziegler-Natta polymerization with addition of ethylene or propylene (11) or so-called metathesis polymerization and hydrogenation (12), (101,216). These products may stiU contain about 10% of the dicycHc stmcture (216). 

Polyether Polyols. Polyether polyols are addition products derived from cyclic ethers (Table 4). The alkylene oxide polymerisation is usually initiated by alkah hydroxides, especially potassium hydroxide. In the base-catalysed polymerisation of propylene oxide, some rearrangement occurs to give aHyl alcohol. Further reaction of aHyl alcohol with propylene oxide produces a monofunctional alcohol. Therefore, polyether polyols derived from propylene oxide are not truly diftmctional. By using sine hexacyano cobaltate as catalyst, a more diftmctional polyol is obtained (20). Olin has introduced the diftmctional polyether polyols under the trade name POLY-L. Trichlorobutylene oxide-derived polyether polyols are useful as reactive fire retardants. Poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) is produced in the acid-catalysed homopolymerisation of tetrahydrofuran. Copolymers derived from tetrahydrofuran and ethylene oxide are also produced. 

Formation of Cyclic Carbonates. In the absence of water, chlorohydrins such as 2-chloroethanol and l-chloro-2-propanol react with an alkah carbonate or bicarbonate to produce cycHc carbonates such as ethylene carbonate [96-49-1] and propylene carbonate [108-32-7] ia yields of up to 80%... 

Dicyano-l,2,3-trithiole 2-oxide (143) has been prepared from the silver salt of 2,3-dimercaptomaleonitrile (142) and thionyl chloride (66HC(2l-i)67). Similarly, the reaction of ethylene glycol (144) with thionyl chloride gave 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide (145), the parent compound of saturated five-membered cyclic sulfites (see Chapter 4.33). 

The aromatic hydrocarbons are used mainly as solvents and as feedstock chemicals for chemical processes that produce other valuable chemicals. With regard to cyclical hydrocarbons, the aromatic hydrocarbons are the only compounds discussed. These compounds all have the six-carbon benzene ring as a base, but there are also three-, four-, five-, and seven-carbon rings. These materials will be considered as we examine their occurrence as hazardous materials. After the alkanes, the aromatics are the next most common chemicals shipped and used in commerce. The short-chain olefins (alkenes) such as ethylene and propylene may be shipped in larger quantities because of their use as monomers, but for sheer numbers of different compounds, the aromatics will surpass even the alkanes in number, although not in volume. 

It is often the case that chemists involved or familiar with ethylene oxide (oxiran) chemistry refer to these cyclic oligomers as EO-4, EO-6 and EO-7 respectively. Such designations are informal if not colloquial but, like any name, are useful if they correctly convey an idea. The difficulty with these informalities, indeed with the crown nomenclature system is that it cannot adequately deal with complicated structures or even isomers of simple ones. 

The cyclooligomerization of ethylene oxide to yield dioxane as well as compounds we now call crowns predates Pedersen s discovery by more than a decade ". The full utility of these cyclic oligomers was not recognized, however, and the patent reporting these early efforts remains an interesting historical footnote. The promise of utilizing cyclo-oligomerization commercially is so important, however, that attention is called to the method and the existence of the patent. 

Cyclic ethylene carbonate and its halogeno derivatives are converted into 2 2 difluoro 1,3 dioxolanes, which are useful as inhalation anaesthetics by treatment with sulfur tetrafluonde m an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution at 100-150 °C [239] (equation 126)... 

The above cycloaddition process consists of two separate [3-1-2] cycloaddition steps and represents a 1,3-2,4 addition of a multiple bond system to a hetero-1,3-diene [7S7]. The structure ot the azomethine imine intermediate has been proved unequivocally by X-ray analysis [195] Ethylene [194], acetylene [/iS2] . many alkyl- and aryl- as well sgemmal dialkyl- and diaryl-substituted alkenes [196,197, 198, 199], dienes [200], and alkynes [182, 201], certain cyclic alkenes [198, 199,... 

These compounds yield, on hydrolysis, the free acids, which, like all acids containing two carbo.xyl groups attached to the same carbon atom, lose COj on heating. Thus, ethyl malonic acid yields butyric acid. In this way the synthesis of monobasic acids may be readily effected. Malonic ester, moreover, may be used in the preparation of cyclic compounds as well as of tetrabasic and also dibasic acids of the malonic acid series ( Perkin). To give one illustration malonic ester, and ethylene bromide in presence of sodium alcoholate, yield triniethyleiic dicarbo.xylic ester and tetramethylene tetracarbo.xylic ester. The first reaction takes place in two steps,... 

The Grignard reagent from 2-thenyl chloride can be obtained by the use of the "cyclic reactor.However, rearrangement occurs in its reaction with carbon dioxide, ethyl chlorocarbonate, acetyl chloride, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide to 3-substituted 2-methylthio-phenes, Only in the case of carbon dioxide has the normal product also been isolated. 

A hydrogen-bonded cyclic transition state can be postulated for a nucleophile like ethanolamine or ethylene glycol anion whose hydrogen bonding to an azine-nitrogen in aprotic solvents can facilitate reaction via a cyclic transition state such as 78, cf. Section II, F. Ethanolamine is uniquely reactive with 2-chloronitrobenzene by virtue of a cyclic solvate (17) of the leaving group, a postulate in line with kinetic evidence. 

The Pauson-Khand reaction was originally developed using strained cyclic alkenes, and gives good yields with such substrates. Alkenes with sterically demanding substituents and acyclic as well as unstrained cyclic alkenes often are less suitable substrates. An exception to this is ethylene, which reacts well. Acetylene as well as simple terminal alkynes and aryl acetylenes can be used as triple-bond component. 

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