Copolymer addition

EXA (exact) search retrieves the input stmcture and its stereoisomers, homopolymers, ions, radicals, and isotopicaHy labeled compounds. EAM (family) search retrieves the same stmctures as EXA, plus multicomponent compounds, copolymers, addition compounds, mixtures, and salts. SSS (substmcture) search uses a range of possible substituents and bonds in the input stmcture. CSS (closed substmcture) search is a more restrictive... 

Modified PAN fibres have been obtained from copolymers containing up to 15% or ISP units using the wet spinning process30. Some properties of modified fibres are presented in Table 1. For comparison are also given the properties of fibres obtained from copolymers additionally crosslinked with conventional crosslinking agents used in the vulcanization of nitrile rubbers. 

A. Audibert-Hayet, C. Noik, and A. Rivereau. Copolymer additives for cement slurries intended for well bores. Patent GB 2359075, 2001. 

When dopa was oxidized using the PIPo-Cu catalyst, the distinguished acceleration was observed as compared with the PVIm-Cu or imidazole-Cu catalysts (Fig. 6). An increase in content of the N-vinylpyrrolidone residue in the PIPo copolymer caused higher activity of the Cu complex for the dopa oxidation. The similar acceleration was also produced when N-methyl-pyrrolidone was added to the system of PVIm-Cu. However, nearly 103 fold concentration of the pyrrolidone residue was necessary as compared with the PIPo copolymer. Addition of homopolymer of N-vinyl-pyrrolidone to PVIm-Cu caused no acceleration. 

A comparison of the hydrolytic stability of several sulfonated six-membered ring polyimides was previously investigated. Membranes were placed in distilled water at 80 °C until a loss of mechanical properties was observed. Improvements in membrane stability were observed for polymers with lower degrees of sulfonation (lower lEC) and for random copolymers, as opposed to block or sequenced copolymers. Additionally, the flexibility of the sulfonated diamine in the polymer structure was shown to play an important role in stability. By simply changing the sulfonated diamine from the rigid 4,4 -diamino-... 

The designed set of 2-oxazoline monomers that was used for the synthesis of the triblock copolymers (MeOx, EtOx, PheOx, and NonOx) yielded polymers of different polarity [91], P(MeOx) and P(EtOx) are hydrophilic, whereas P(PheOx) and P(NonOx) are hydrophobic. All possible combinations of these four different monomers would result in 64 different structures. However, all polymers that would have two times the same block after each other were excluded since they do represent diblock copolymers. Additionally, some structures, which have NonOx as the first block and EtOx or MeOx as the second block, were excluded due to extensive side reactions. Consequently, 30 different triblock copolymers were synthesized, and they are listed in Table 13 with their corresponding structural characterization. 

Nearly all structure/properties relationships that were discussed for homopolymers are also valid for copolymers. Additional dependencies exist as a result of the composition and structure of the different types of copolymers. 

Asatekin A, Kang S, Elimelech M et al (2007) Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes containing polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) comb copolymer additives. J Membr Sci 298 136-146... 

Anderson et al. [59, 75,76] have been pursuing their extensive researches on the biomedical behavior of PEUUs having various formulations modified with hydrophobic acrylate (or methacrylate) polymer or copolymer additives. The most distinguished additive was Methacrol 2138F, which is a copolymer between diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate and decyl methacrylate [co(DIPAM/DM)] (in a 3-to-l ratio). The protein adsorption assay showed that PEUU (Biomer-type) films loaded or coated with Methacrol or poIy(DIPAM) adsorbed significantly lower amounts of human blood proteins (Fb, IgG, factor VIII, Hageman factor and Alb) than the base PEUU or PEUUs modified by other additives. It was revealed from their experiments that poly(DIPAM) as well as Methacrol exhibited a prominent suppressing effect on the protein adsorption process. 

One can have the same type of situation in a blend of two mutually immiscible polymers (e.g., polymethylbutene [PMB], polyethylbutene [PEB]). When mixed, such homopolymers form coarse blends that are nonequilibrium structures (i.e., only kinetically stable, although the time scale for phase separation is extremely large). If we add the corresponding (PEB-PMB) diblock copolymer (i.e., a polymer that has a chain of PEB attached to a chain of PMB) to the mixture, we can produce a rich variety of microstructures of colloidal dimensions. Theoretical predictions show that cylindrical, lamellar, and bicontinuous microstructures can be achieved by manipulating the molecular architecture of block copolymer additives. 

Structural modifications were envisioned early to overcome these limitations. A first improvement was outlined by preparing copolymers, which were soluble in the state of full imidation, mainly poly(ester-imide)s and poly(amide-imide)s [2,4, 5]. As an alternative to these conventional copolymers, addition polyimides were developed in the 1970s as a new class of thermosetting materials. Thus, bismaleimides, bisnadimides, and end-capped thermocurable polyimides were successfully developed and marketed [6,7]. These resins were the precursors of the modern PMR (polymeric monomer reactants) formulations [8]. 

Dithienothiophenes give cation polymeric radicals capable of further copolymer addition" while polystryene with a narrow polydispersity has been prepared through the use of an end-capped photoactive anthryl group. ° Large differences in radical termination rates have been found to be responsible for the marked variations in molecular weights of polymer from the UV flash polymerisation of 1,3-butadiene. tra 5-l,2-bis(5-Phenyl-2-oxazolyl)ethene has been found to exhibit low laser conversion efficiency due to preferential dimerisation while thermally activated patterns can be formed on the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) by coating with photodimerisable 9-anthraldehyde. " ... 

Fig. 2 A first generation of drug-loading micelles, a Schematic illustration of the formation of polymeric micelle of Dox-conjugated PEG-PAsp block copolymer. Additional Dox can be physically entrapped in the micelle, b Chemical structures of PEG-PAsp block copolymer and Dox...

AClyn . [Allied-SignaQ Ethylene/aciy-laie copolymers additives for adhesives coatings. 

The morphology of commercial blends usually is far from equilibrium. Preparation of the alloys must take thermodynamic and kinetic parameters into account if the desired effects are to be achieved. The effects of copolymer addition of the dispersion size and blend performance have been studied [Hobbs et al., 1983 Fayt et al., 1986 Armat and Moet, 1993]. 

Octadecyl group attachment to surface Silicon containing block copolymer additive Plasma fluoropolymer deposition Plasma siloxane polymer deposition Radiation-grafted hydrogels... 

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