Ethical standards

No matter how skillfully are confidentiality or secrecy agreements written, high ethical standards on both sides are needed. Larceny runs deep in the human soul, and if something has value, someone will always try to steal it. 

Medical research is subject to ethical standards that promote respect for all human beings and protect their health and rights. Some research populations are vulnerable and need special protection. The particular needs of the economically and medically disadvantaged must be recognized. Special attention is also required for those who cannot give or refuse consent for themselves, for those who may be subject to giving consent under duress, for those who will not benefit personally from the research, and for those for whom the research is combined with care. 

Army Medical Research and Development Command Contract Review Board and the Surgeon General s Human Use Committee and Clinical Investigation Committee, to insure uniform application of ethical standards for human research studies conducted within or sponsored by the Army Medical Department and other Army Agencies. 

The 3R concept lies behind efforts to improve ethical standards for the use of experimental animals throughout the scientific community, including toxicity testing. A number of in vitro methods for genetic toxicology testing have been established as guideline methods for many years, e.g., the bacterial reverse mutation test, more popularly known as the Ames test. 

It is clear that while the medical department can be seen to be a team in itself, its members play on many other different teams. A successful medical department is one that is contributing to the commercial success of the company while maintaining the highest professional and ethical standards. 

Department of Health Commercial sponsorship -Ethical standards for the NHS ... 

In addition to the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki, The International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects was issued in 1982 and revised in 1993 by the Council for the International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Those guidelines define national policies for biomedical research, apply ethical standards to the circumstances often present in research in economically developing nations, and define mechanisms for ethical review of human subjects research. 

The second approach is to recruit participants, who must provide informed consent to take part in clinical trials of medications, through advertisements in newspapers or other media. This is a reasonable alternative to facilitating clinical trials that meet scientific and ethical standards, but one that has just begun to be used among adults. 

Weber, Leonard J. Profits before People Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prescription Drugs. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 2006. This book examines ethical issues raised by commercial interests in selling... 

Current research ethics do not adequately address the issue of international research on the diversity of the human genome. Under current research standards, this research will widen the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries. New ethics standards for this research should frame this research so the market value of property rights from such research fosters the development of research institutions, a scientific workforce, and access to investment and venture capital within underdeveloped countries. The 1992 CBD offers just such a foundation. 

A person who is approachable, inquisitive, detail-orientated, patient, good listener, assertive, with high ethical standards, and organized... 

It is of utmost importance that the scientific community acts according to ethical standards when clinical trials and animal tests are unavoidable. Implementation of biosimulation into the drug approval process is a great step towards this objective. 

This chapter has emphasized the global ethics of the publication process. Ethics are not complicated, and the practices and rules are mainly common sense. Adherence to ethical standards in research and publication is not optional rather, it is essential for the health of scientific research. 

With these thoughts in mind, the editors of journals published by the American Chemical Society now present a set of ethical guidelines for persons engaged in the publication of chemical research, specifically, for editors, authors, and manuscript reviewers. These guidelines are offered not in the sense that there is any immediate crisis in ethical behavior, but rather from a conviction that the observance of high ethical standards is so vital to the whole scientific enterprise that a definition of those standards should be brought to the attention of all concerned. 

The Polish Journalist Association (SPD, Stowarzyszenia Dziennikarzy Polskich4) is an organization of professionals that has implemented guidehnes and ethical standards similar to Western democracies after the shift from communism. In 1995 a so-called Media Ethics Charter, emphasising the importance of the principles of truth, objectivity, honesty, etc., was also adopted by a number of Polish journalist and media organizations.5... 

Merck, says Dr. Hyman, made me confident that it was a top-notch company with high ethical standards. ... 

The proper handling of data acquired in the laboratory and the independent analysis of such data as well as the independent preparation of laboratory reports require adherence to a high ethical standard. Some ethical issues that arise in physical chemistry laboratory are described in Appendix H. 

Only human data from studies that meet the ethical standards discussed in the Evaluation, Selection, and Documentation of Key and Supporting Data section of this SOP manual will be used in the derivation of AEGL values. 

The Assembly appealed to the pharmaceutical industry, health professional and consumer organizations, and other interested parties to promote the formulation and use of good information practices consistent with the principles of the WHO Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion monitor and report problem cases and aspects of cross-border advertising, promotion, and sale of medical products using the Internet and maintain legal and ethical standards in these activities. 

Chemistry education can only reflect the current practice of chemistry if it also includes the relevance of the discipline through engagement with broader society and the promotion of high ethical standards and environmental performance. - Exploring the Molecular Vision (2)... 

DuPont views sustainable growth as an outgrowth of its corporate values safety and health, high ethical standards, environmental stewardship, and treating people... 

Because of its culture and values (Box 8.2), 3M for many years has been adopting the precepts of sustainability. Implicit in these values is the expectation that the company will act in a way that preserves the trust of its constituencies. 3M is committed to the highest ethical standards and to transparency whenever possible (that is, when transparency does not compromise confidentiality or intellectual property). 

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