Applied ethics

Some have argued that computer ethics is a subdiscipline of applied ethics [5,13]. As such, examining other subdisciplines of applied ethics would prove fruitful to resolving issues that arise in computer ethics. For instance, Wong and Steinke [13] argue that computer ethics shares many similarities with medical ethics and business ethics. They suggest that the fields of medical ethics and business ethics can be useful as models for computer ethics. 

Proponents of the two positions just mentioned, that computer ethics is a subdiscipline of applied ethics and that computer ethics is a type of professional ethics, severely understate the case of computer ethics, according to others. Gorniak-Kocikowska [11], stating partial agreement with an earlier... 

For one thing, the first part of the book presents a modest introduction to the basic considerations that applied ethics most often employs, namely, rights, justice, and utility. The concept of rights, which are an individual s entitlements to those liberties, choices, opportunities, and items having serious consequence for human life, is precisely what privacy depends on for protection. As well, the concept of rights significantly bears upon questions of ownership, that is, the right to property. 

The previous sort of question is relevant to the matter of computer use and the issue of privacy. In fact, computer use may have altered the way we think and should think of privacy. Before the advent and prevalence of computers, intrusions into an individual s privacy were largely time- and place dependent. The intrusion could be done but only on a small scale. As Johnson [15] notes, however, computers have changed the nature of intrusion into privacy as well as the scale of intrusion into privacy. The result is a demand to rethink privacy and rethink the framework of applied ethics, especially because the scale of intrusion may change the qualitative nature of the offense. 

Himma KE. The relationship between the uniqueness of compute ethics and its independence as a discipline in applied ethics. Ethics Inform Technol 2003 5.4 225-37. 

Johnson DG. Computer ethics. In Frey RG, editor, A companion to applied ethics. Malden, MA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003 608-19. 

In addition to the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki, The International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects was issued in 1982 and revised in 1993 by the Council for the International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Those guidelines define national policies for biomedical research, apply ethical standards to the circumstances often present in research in economically developing nations, and define mechanisms for ethical review of human subjects research. 

The Policy acknowledges that principles and guidelines require flexibility and exceptions to the rule. There can be many approaches to an ethical problem and debate regarding the answers will likely always occur. This will ensure continued thought and evolution in applying ethical principles to research with humans. 

VIII. The Human Genome Project Applied ethics... 

Gluck, John R, Dipasquale, Tony, Orlans, F. Barbara. Applied Ethics in Animal Research Philosophy, Regulation, and Laboratory Applications. Purdue University Press, 2000. 

Keywords Applied ethics Curriculum Engineering design Engineering ethics Responsibility Technological innovations... 

Ethics Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice. 

Ethics is the study of right and wrong in relation to human actions. It includes metaethics, that is, study of the general principles from which ethical systems can be built moral theory, that is, the ethical systems themselves, consisting of the criteria and procedures that can be applied to decide whether individual actions are right or wrong and practical ethics or applied ethics, that is, the application of ethical systems to the analysis of particular situations, including such specialized areas as business ethics and medical ethics. 

Applied Ethics in Professional Practice Case of the Month. Each month, a new ethics case is... 

Ethics. See also Business codes of conduct Codes of conduct Professional registration. Applied Ethics. .. Case of the Month, 830 collective action, 816-818 dilemmas, 828-829 duties, 819-820 educational resources, 830 effects on family, 818-819 Engineering Ethics at TAMU, 830 Engineering Ethics Center. .., 830 for engineers, 813 Ethics Resource Guide, 830 examples... 

Kitchener, K. S. (1986). Teaching applied ethics in counselor education An integration of psychological processes and philosophical analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 306-310. 

Charles E. (Ed) Harris, Jr. is a former Professor of Philosophy and former holder of the Sue and Harry Bovay Professorship in the History and Ethics of Professional Engineering at Texas A M University. His specialty is applied and professional ethics. He and his co-authors have published a textbook in engineering ethics. He has also published a textbook in applied ethics and numerous articles in professional and applied ethics. 

Sork, T. J. (2009). Applied ethics in adult and continuing education literamre. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 123, 19-32. 

Research has been conducted that utilizes the MJI, DIT, and similar instruments in the study of applied ethics within various professions (Bebeau 1994,2002 Drake et al. 2005 Duckett et al. 1997 Duckett and Ryden 1994 Rest 1994 Self and Ellison 1998 Self et al. 1989). Each of these assessment tools has proven to be valid for the evaluation of general moral reasoning, but they have further been shown to lack the sensitivity and context to capture the unique aspects of professional ethics within specific disciplines. Thus, a number of discipline-specific moral reasoning assessment tools have been developed. Barry and Ohland (2009) discuss several assessment tools for the health professions, business, and law. 

Barry, B. E., Ohland, M. W. (2009). Applied ethics in the engineering, health, business, and law professions A comparison. Journal of Engineering Education, 98(4), 377-388. 

Bebeau, M. J. (1994). Influencing the moral dimensions of dented practice. In J. R. Rest D. Narvaaez (Eds.), Moral development in the professions Psychology and applied ethics (pp. 121-146). Hillsdale L. Erlbaum Associates. 

Keywords Ethics Applied ethics Responsible conduct of research ... 

A current trend in tertiary ethics training is to narrow the focus of ethics to applied ethics, or ethics for specific disciplines. The popular textbooks for ethics courses make this inclination obvious there are ethics texts for engineers (Harris et al. 2009), for psychologists (Koocher and Keith-Spiegel 1998), for social scientists (Israel and Hay 2006), for biologists (Laake et al. 2007 33-82), for clinical science disciplines (Emanuel et al. 2008), and for scientists in general (Committee on... 

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