Ester plasticizers

Dehydrated (e.g. AICI3) to cyclohexene. Used in the manufacture of celluloid, esters (plasticizers), detergents and printing inks. 

When blended with phthalate ester plasticizers, PVC becomes soft and pliable. 

Nitrile mbber compounds have good abrasion and water resistance. They can have compression set properties as low as 25% with the selection of a proper cure system. The temperature range for the elastomers is from —30 to 125°C. The compounds are also plasticized using polar ester plasticizers. The main dilemma is the selection of a heat-stable, nonfugitive plasticizer that also gives good low temperature properties. 

To improve processing and to plasticize the mbber compound, numerous processing agents have been used over the years, eg, petroleum and ester plasticizers, resins and tars, Hquid mbber peptizers, peptizers, fatty acids and derivatives from vegetable oils, and polyethylene and hydrocarbon waxes. 

Ester plasticizers are used mainly in very polar elastomers, such as neoprene and nitrile mbber, to improve low or high temperature performance or impart particular oil or solvent resistance to a compound 5—40 parts are commonly used (see Plasticizers). Resins and tars are added to impart tack, soften the compound, improve flow, and in some cases improve filler wetting out, as is the case with organic resins in mineral-filled SBR. Resinous substances are also used as processing agents for homogenizing elastomer blends. 

From 1980 to 1988, aimual cellulose acetate flake production in the United States showed a slight decrease in production from 392,000 t to 323,000 t with an aimual decline of —0.4 to —0.1% (Table 6). World demand for cellulose acetate flake has also fallen. A modest recovery has occurred in recent years as a result of the increased demand for cigarette-filter tow world consumption of cigarette-filter tow has risen about 2.5% per year since 1980 (Tables 7 and 8). In contrast, world demand for textile fibers and cellulose ester plastics decline 4.6% and 4.2% per year, respectively (Fig. 9). 

Cellulose acetate ester plastics are produced largely in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. World consumption is assumed to be approximately equivalent to production of cellulose ester plastics in these three regions. Courtesy of CEH Estimates. 

The Chemical Daily Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 1982, p. 95 K. Wheeler, W. Cox, and N. Takei, Cellulose Picetate and Cellulose Ester Plastics, CEH Marketing Research Report, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Apr. 1989. 

Possible uses for these polyhydroxy compounds include the preparation of alkyd-type resins with polybasic acids, the formation of ester plasticizers, and the preparation of surface-active agents. 

Low Temperature Properties. Medium hardness compounds of average methyl acrylate, ie, VAMAC G, without a plasticizer typically survive 180° flex tests at —40° C. Such performance is good for a heat-resistant polymer. Low temperature properties can be greatly enhanced by the use of ester plasticizers (10). Careful selection of the plasticizer is necessary to preserve the heat resistance performance of the polymer. Plasticized high methyl acrylate grades lose only a few °C in flexibiUty, compared to grades with average methyl acrylate levels. 

Since polychloroprene crystallizes under stress, fine particle size carbon black is not ordinarily needed or used to enhance tensile strength. More frequently, mineral fillers, for example clay, can be added to reduce cost. A light process oil, free of polycycHc aromatics, can be used to improve the flexibihty or hand of films. On the other hand, an ester plasticizer can be used to improve low temperature properties (161). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Phthalic Acid, Bis(8-methylonyl)esler Phthalic Acid, Diisodecyl Ester Plasticizer DDP Chemical Formula CjjH jO. ... 

Processes have been developed separating pure metaxylene from other Cj aromatics.Metaxylene is a raw material for the manufacture of isophthalic acid. The major outlets for the acid are in the synthesis of unsaturated polyester and alkyd resins, and for the production of isophthalic esters (plasticizers). 

The proplnts developed by Aerojet (Ref 3) use v small amts of ferric acetylacetonate as the catalyst or polymerization agent. Proplnts developed by JPL (Ref 2) use hexamethylene diisocyanate as the copolymer of PGN, together with a nitric ester plasticizer and ferric acetylacetonate as the curing catalyst. 

An electric conductive rubber base containing carbon black is laminated with an electric conductive cover layer of phosphoric acid ester plasticizer and other ionic surfactants to prepare antistatic mats, where the covers have colors other than black. It is also reported that alkyl acid phosphates act as color stabilizer for rubber. Small amounts of phosphate esters are helpful in restoring reclaimed rubber to a workable viscosity [284,290]. Esters of phosphoric acid are used in the production of UV-stable and flame-retarded alkylbenzenesulfonate copolymer compositions containing aliphatic resins and showing a high-impact strength... 

Fatoki, O.S. and Ogunfowokan, A.O. (1993). Determination of Phthalate ester plasticizers in the Aquatic environment of Southwestern Nigeria. Environment International 19, 619-623. 

Robinson EC, Hammond BG, Johannsen FR, et al. 1986. Teratogenicity studies of alkylaryl phosphate ester plasticizers in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 7 138-143. 

Ester-interchange (El) catalysts, 20 39—40 Ester plasticizers, 21 790 Esters. See also Esterification Organic esters... 

GeslerRM. 1973. Toxicology of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and other phthalic acid ester plasticizers. Environ Health Perspect 73-79. 

Phthalate Ester Plasticizers A New Class of Marine Pollutant, 419-421. 

Drees and co-workers synthesized a number of energetic azido plasticizers whose structures are based on those of known nitrate ester plasticizers. EGBAA (3), DEGBAA (4), TMNTA (5) and PETKAA (6) are synthesized from the corresponding chloroacetate esters with sodium azide in DMSO. 

Uses. Plasticizer for cellulose ester plastic films and sheets in molded plastics manufacturing varnishes cosmetics... 

Cellulose esters are used as plastics for the formation by extrusion of films and sheets and by injection molding of parts. They are thermoplastics and can be fabricated employing most of the usual techniques of (largely compression and injection) molding, extrusion, and casting. Cellulose ester plastics are noted for their toughness, smoothness, clarity, and surface gloss. 

Esters Plastics, resins, plasticizers, lacquer solvents, flavors, perfumes... 

---