Antistatic preparations

In this case, the dust-holding power is reduced by the removal of electric charges from plastic articles in the same way as this is done by the use of antistatic preparations [254]. 

Uses Rust inhibitor, emulsifier for antistatic preparations Properties Liq. 100% cone. 

The preparation and properties of these tertiary aminimides, as weU as suggested uses as adhesives (qv), antistatic agents (qv), photographic products, surface coatings, and pharmaceuticals, have been reviewed (76). Thermolysis of aminimides causes N—N bond mpture foUowed by a Curtius rearrangement of the transient nitrene (17) intermediate to the corresponding isocyanate ... 

Abbreviations of prominent use properties of the various classes of commercial surfactants are shown in Table 1. Antimicrobial activity includes germicidal, bactericidal, and bacteriostatic effects emolliency describes lubrication or a soft feel imparted to skin by surfactants a hair conditioner is a substantive surfactant appHed from aqueous solution to impart a lubricating or antistatic effect and opacifters are used to thicken hand-dishwashing products and cosmetic preparations to convey an appearance of high concentration and to retard solvent drainage from foam. 

Eatty acid ethoxylates are used extensively in the textile industry as emulsifiers for processing oils, antistatic agents (qv), softeners, and fiber lubricants, and as detergents in scouring operations. They also find appHcation as emulsifiers in cosmetic preparations and pesticide formulations. Eatty acid ethoxylates are manufactured either by alkaH-catalyzed reaction of fatty acids with ethylene oxide or by acid-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with preformed poly(ethylene glycol). Deodorization steps are commonly incorporated into the manufacturing process. 

Miscellaneous Applications. Polyamides, prepared from polyamines and neodecanoic acid, are used as wash-cycle antistatic agents (qv)... 

Polymer films can be made antistatic with a-sulfonated fatty acid salts and esters [94]. For example, an antistatic additive for polypropylene manufacture can be prepared from potassium methyl a-sulfopalmitate, styrene oligomer, and 2-propanol [95]. The treatment of synthetic fibers and fabrics with a-sulfo-... 

An electric conductive rubber base containing carbon black is laminated with an electric conductive cover layer of phosphoric acid ester plasticizer and other ionic surfactants to prepare antistatic mats, where the covers have colors other than black. It is also reported that alkyl acid phosphates act as color stabilizer for rubber. Small amounts of phosphate esters are helpful in restoring reclaimed rubber to a workable viscosity [284,290]. Esters of phosphoric acid are used in the production of UV-stable and flame-retarded alkylbenzenesulfonate copolymer compositions containing aliphatic resins and showing a high-impact strength... 

Most plastics e.g. polyolefins and polystyrenes and their derivatives such as ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile) are supplied by the manufacturers in ready-to-use form with most of the above-mentioned stabilizers or simply need to be additionally stabilized with other additives, e.g. antistatic agents and HALS stabilizers, as required. On the other hand, in the case of other materials (e.g. PVC) it is the end user who adds the additives, pigments or preparations. This is normally done on fluid or high-speed mixers, although in the past gravity mixers or tumble mixers were also used. The mixture is then homogenized on mixing rolls, kneaders, planetary extruders or twin-screw kneaders and further processed. 

The hexahydrate is used in the preparation of deodorant and antiperspi-rant. Also, it is apphed in textile finishing to improve the antistatic characteristics and flammability ratings of various textile materials. Commercially, it is sold as crystalline powder or as a 28% solution in water. 

Preparation of biodegradable salts derived from the reaction product of polypropylene ether amines and bis(perfluorobutylsulfonyl)-imine for use as antistatic agents. 

The antistatic agent, iV-di-[3-(stearoylamino)propyl]-7V-methylamine oxide, (I), was prepared by Baik et al. (3) and used as a fabric softer in fabric detergent compositions. 

Polyetheresteramide antistatic agents consisting of the reaction product of unde-canoic acid, hexamethylenediamine, dodecanedioic, and ethylene glycol were prepared by Linemann et al. (5) and blended with thermoplastic resins to form breathable polymer compositions. 

Research Focus Preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers to increase the wettability and printability of a plastic surface containing thermoplastic blends. Originality Thermoplastics containing amphiphilic block copolymers as antistatic... 

The antistatic properties of the step 2 product were evaluated by preparing tapes of blends with polystyrene by extruding in a twin-screw extruder using a flat die at 200°C. The contact angle of the tapes was measured using the sessile drop method and water as the measuring liquid. Testing data not supplied by author. 

Additional antistatic block copolymers such as poly[(cthylene-co-propylene)-b-methyl pyrrolidinium chloride] were prepared by the authors (1) in an earlier... 

Compositions and functions of typical commercial products in the 2-alkyl-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolines series are given in Table 29. 2-Alkyl-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolines are used in hydrocarbon and aqueous systems as antistatic agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, emulsifiers, softeners, and viscosity builders. They are prepared by heating the salt of a carboxylic acid with (2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine at 150—160°C to form a substituted amide 1 mol water is eliminated to form the substituted imidazoline with further heating at 180—200°C. Substituted imidazolines yield three series of cationic surfactants by ethoxylation to form more hydrophilic products quatemization with benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, and other alkyl halides and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to amine oxides. 

Examples of known phosphazene polymer blends are those in which phosphazenes with methylamino, trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, or oligo-ethyleneoxy side groups form blends with poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), or polyethylene oxide).97 100 IPNs have been produced from [NP(OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3)2] (MEEP) and poly(methyl methacrylate).101-103 In addition, a special type of IPN has been reported in which a water-soluble polyphosphazene such as MEEP forms an IPN with a silicate or titanate network generated by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane or tetraalkoxytitanane.104 These materials are polyphosphazene/ceramic composites, which have been described as suitable materials for the preparation of antistatic layers in the manufacture of photographic film. 

Watanabe62) studied systematically the copolymerization of ra-methacryloyl-polyoxyethylenes, with monomers such as acrylonitrile, styrene, butyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid. It should be mentioned that the macromonomers that he prepared are very short so that no difficulties were encountered to isolate the graft copolymers formed. There are many applications for these graft copolymers, e.g. as additives in polyacrylonitrile films and fibers they cause improved antistatic properties. They have been tested as varnishes, coatings, and wood dimensional stabilization agents. 

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