Allyl ester plastic

Uses Allyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of allyl esters, as monomers and prepolymers for the manufacture of resins and plastics. It has large use in the preparation of pharmaceutical products, in organic synthesis, and as a fungicide and herbicide. Workers engaged in industries such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, allyl esters, organic chemicals, resins, war gas, and plasticizers are often exposed to this alcohol. 

The polymerization of allyl esters of saturated monobasic acids, e.g., allyl acetate and allyl laurate, yields linear thermoplastic polymers containing 5-20 monomer units per molecule. These homopolymers and copolymers with vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene cliloride have been used as thermoplastic adhesives and plasticizers. 

Only four allyl esters are of significant industrial importance as monomers for the production of homopolymers diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), which, as CR-39, is widely used as a plastic spectacle lens material of exceptional clarity, scratch, abrasion, and impact resistance, and diallyl o- and m-phthalates, supplied commercially as soluble low-molecular-weight prepolymers. These prepolymers may be molded and subsequently cross-linked to give rigid plastic objects. 

The synthesis of vinyl esters of the higher monocarboxylic acids is troublesome and costly. The preparation may involve transvinylation with vinyl acetate and the higher carboxylic acid with a costly mercuric salt as a catalyst. In this procedure, the equilibrium situation is unfavorable and yields of product usually are low. Alternatively, a similar catalyst may be used for the addition of acetylene to the carboxylic acid. This procedure requires pressure equipment not usually available in a synthesis laboratory. The allyl esters, on the other hand are readily prepared by conventional esterification procedures. Therefore, they are of potential interest as plasticizers which might copolymerize with resins such as vinyl acetate that normally give rise to hard resins. Unfortunately, allyl esters of more ordinary carboxylic acids homopolymerize sluggishly. Their ability to enter into copolymer systems also seems to be marginal. 

Allyl esters n. Esters of allyl alcohol, used in the production of plasticizers and resins. 

Of auxiliary agents, linseed oil, nnsatnrated vegetable oils, rapeseed oil, and hydrocarbon waxes enhance the efficiency of an antiozonant in a dynamic ozone test as they bloom to the snrface of the pol5mier. Ester plasticizers snch as dioctyl sebacate impair ozone resistance presnmably becanse of enhanced solnbility of polar esters in the polar polychloroprene network polymer. Finally, the mechanism for ozone attack differs appreciably from oxygen attack at allylic atoms. Thus, an antioxidant is generally nsed in combination with an antiozonant for polychloroprene. 

Allyl alcohol, CH2=CH-CH20H, is obtained from allyl chloride by alkaline hydrolysis. Oxydation of allyl alcohol gives acrolein, glycerol, formic acid, diallyl phthalate, acrylic acid. Allyl halogenids, allyl esters, allyl amines, allyl Grignard reagent can be obtained. End products are plastics, resins, plasticizers, varnish ingredients, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, flavors. 

Ester salt derivatives for plastic coatings Thermosetting resins Photographic film resins Allyl esters for electron-beam-curable resins Amide derivatives as electrophotographic resins Water-based binders for magnetic tape... 

To minimize the gradual embrittlement that can occur on aging of cyanoacrylate adhesives, plasticizers are added. Some of the materials, which have been used as plasticizers, include phthalates, phosphonates, acyl esters, succinates, and cyano-acetates. The use of allyl, methallyl, and crotyl phthalates is also claimed to improve thermal resistance properties in addition to plasticizing the adhesive [23]. 

Epichlorohydrin or chloromethyloxirane is manufactured from allyl chloride, and, in 2006, had a merchant price of US 1.66 kg [4]. It is used as a building block in the manufacture of plastics, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, and other polymers, and as a solvent for cellulose, resins, and paints, and has also found use as an insect fumigant. Epoxy resins (aryl glycidyl ethers) are manufactured successfully in large scale (1.2 x 10 metric tons in 2000) [26] and are widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications [27]. These are made by addition reactions of epichlorohydrins or by epoxidation of allyl ethers or esters (Table 1.1). Epichlorohydrin can be reacted with an alkali nitrate to produce glycidyl nitrate, an energetic binder used in explosive and propellant compositions. 

Allylstarch can be blended with lower alkyl itaconates in the ratio from 2 1 to 10 1 and then copolymerized with a variety of coating materials to enhance coating plasticity, drying, and hardening.1028 Allylstarch can be polymerized into insoluble products using either sulfur chloride or disulfur dichloride.1029 The reaction product of allylstarch with propylene oxide was utilized as a dispersant for petroleum emulsions.1030 Novel resinous materials have been obtained from adducts of unsaturated esters of dienophilic dioic acids and cyclic polyenic hydrocarbons with mono- and di-allyl starch.1031... 

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