Esters ethyl hydrogen sulfate

Sabatier 42 attributes the dehydration of alcohols over the surfaces of the oxides of thoria, alumina, and tungsten to the formation on the surface of these oxides, with the elimination of water, of a thin layer of an ester comparable to ethyl hydrogen sulfate. This ester is decomposed by heat into an olefin and the regenerated oxide. Thus ... 

The esters of inorganic acids, ethyl and methyl sulfates, ethyl hydrogen sulfate, the alkyl phosphates, glyceryl nitrate, etc., may aJl be hydrolyzed, generally speaking, by acids and bases. 

Preparation of Ethanol from Ethylene. Via Ethyl Hydrogen Sulfate Ethylene is scrubbed, purified, and piped in gaseous form direct to processing in the alcohol plant (Fig. 13-6). On entering an absorber, ethylene comes into contact with sulfuric acid of 95 per cent concentration or higher. The resulting liquid is a mixture of monoethyl and diethyl sulfate. The esters leave the bottom of the absorber and are pumped into the bottom of a hydrolyzer column along with a measured volume of water. Here the esters formed in the absorber are converted to alcohol, ethyl ether, weak sulfuric acid, and small volumes of other materials. 

Other Methods of Preparation. In addition to the direct hydration process, the sulfuric acid process, and fermentation routes to manufacture ethanol, several other processes have been suggested. These include the hydration of ethylene by dilute acids, the hydrolysis of ethyl esters other than sulfates, the hydrogenation of acetaldehyde, and the use of synthesis gas. None of these methods has been successfilUy implemented on a commercial scale, but the route from synthesis gas has received a great deal of attention since the 1974 oil embargo. 

Ethyl formate Formic acid, ethyl ester (8, 9) (109-94-4) Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate Ammonium, tetrabutyl-, sulfate (1 1) (8) 1-Butanaminium, N,N,N-tributyl-, sulfate (1 1) (9) (32503-27-8)... 

The mesogenic units with methylenic spacers were prepared by reacting the sodium salt of either 4-methoxy-4 -hydroxybiphenyl or 4-phenylphenol with a bromoester in DMF at 82° C for at least 4 hours in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAH) as phase transfer catalyst. In this way, ethyl 4-(4-oxybi-phenyl)butyrate, ethyl 4-(4-methoxy-4 -oxybiphenyl)butyrate, ethyl 4-(4-oxybiphenyl)valerate, ethyl 4-(4-methoxy-4 -oxybiphenyl)-valerate, n-propyl 4-(4-oxybiphenyl)undecanoate and n-propyl 4-(4-methoxy-4 -oxybiphenyl)undecanoate were obtained. These esters were hydrolyzed with base and acidified to obtain the carboxylic acids. The corresponding potassium carboxylates were obtained by reaction with approximately stoichiometric amounts of potassium hydroxide. Experimental details of these syntheses were described elsewhere (27). 

Amino acid synthesis (8, 389). Alkylation of the aldimine (1) from glycine ethyl ester and /j-chlorobenzaldehyde under phase-transfer conditions offers a general route to amino acids. Either liquid-liquid phase-transfer or solid-liquid phase-transfer catalytic conditions are satisfactory with active halides, but alkylation with allylic halides and less active alkyl halides is best effected under ion-pair extraction conditions (6,41), with 1 equiv. of tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate (76-95% yields).1... 

Procedure (See Chromatography, Appendix IIA.) Use a high-performance liquid chromatograph capable of separating acesulfame potassium and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester with a resolution of 2. Use a chromatograph equipped with a UV or diode array (227 nm) detector and a 25-cm x 4.6-mm (id) stainless steel column, or equivalent, packed with 3 to 5 p,m of reversed phase C18 silica gel, or equivalent. The elution is isocratic. Use a 40 60 (v/v) solution of acetoni-trile 0.01 MlL tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS) in water as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of about 1 mL/min. 

SYNS EMERSAL 6465 2-ETHYL-l-HEXANOL HYDROGEN SULFATE, SODIUM SALT 2-ETHYL-l-HEXANOL SULFATE SODIUM SALT 2-ETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFATE MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULFATE SODIUM SALT NCI-C50204 NIA PROOF 08 PROPASTE 6708 SIPEX BOS SODIUM ETASULFATE SODIUM ETHASULFATE SODIUM(2-ETHYLHEX-YL)ALCOHOL SULFATE SODIUM-2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE SULFURIC ACID, MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-ESTER, SODIUM SALT (SCI) TERGEMIST TERGLMIST TERGITOL ANIONIC 08... 

Ethanol, 2-( 4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)-, hydrogen sulfate (ester), 2-((p-Aminophenyl)sulphonyl)ethyl hydrogensuiphate EINECS 219-669-7 Ethanol, 2-((4-amlnophenyl)sulf-onyl)-, hydrogen sulfate (ester) Ethanol, 2-sulfanilyl-, hydrogen sulfate (ester) 4-((2-Sulfatoethyl)sulfonyl)-anlline. 

CAS 1191-50-0 EINECS/ELINCS 214-737-2 Synonyms 7-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-hexadecanol sulfate sodium salt Myristyl sulfate, sodium salt Sodium tetradecyl sulfate Sulfuric acid, monotetradecyl ester, sodium salt Sulfuric acid, myristyl ester, sodium salt 1 -Tetradecanol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt Tetradecyl sodium sulfate Tetradecyl sulfate, sodium salt Definition Sodium salt of myristyl sulfate Empirical C14HS0Q4S Na Formula CH3(CH2),2CH2QSQsNa... 

Am i no-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-4((3-((2-(sulfooxy) ethyl) sulfonyl) phenyl)-amino)-2-anthracenesulfonic acid, disodium salt 1-Amino-9,10-dihydro-4-(m-((2-hydroxyethyl) sulfonyl) anilino-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonic acid, hydrogen sulfate (ester), disodium salt. See Reactive blue 19 N-[4-[[(2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl) methyl] amino] benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid. See Folic acid... 

EthyM-hexanol ester with diphenyl phosphate. See Diphenyl octyl phosphate 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen phosphate. See,Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt. See Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate 2-Ethylhexanol phosphate. See Trioctyl phosphate 2-Ethylhexyl phosphate 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate 2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester. See Trioctyl phosphate 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol silicate. See Tetrakis (2-ethylhexoxy) silane... 

Scheme 8.67. The formation of ethene (ethylene, CH2=CH2) and diethyl ether (ethyl ether, (CH3CH2)20) from the reaction of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction proceeds through the hydrogen sulfate ester of ethanol, which is apparently formed faster than the dehydration of the protonated ethanol can occur.

A. Ethyl mandelale. To 152 g. (1.0 mole) of mandelic acid and 200 ml. of absolute ethanol in a 1-1. round-bottomed flask f< ui[)ped with a reflux condenser, there is added 100 ml. of abso-liile ethanol containing about 10 g. of anhydrous hydrogen chlo-lidc (Note 1). The solution is heated under reflux on a steam bath for 5 hours, then poured into 11. of ice water in a 3-1. beaker (Note 2). A saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate is added until the mixture is faintly alkaline (Note 3). It is I lien extracted with two 300-ml. portions of ether in a 2-1. separatory funnel. The ether extracts are washed with a 200-ml. por-lioii of water and dried over 50 g. of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The dried ether solution is concentrated by distillation from a 25()-ml. Claisen flask, and the residue is distilled at reduced pressure. I here is obtained 147-154 g. (82-86%) of ethyl mandel-iilc, l).p. 144-145°/16 mm. The ester may crystallize upon standing for a prolonged period. It melts at 30.5-31.5°. 

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