Reactive Blue

A recent addition to Table 3, Reactive Blue 246 differs from the other dyes and is not added to a finished lens. The dye molecule has methacrylate groups attached to an anthraquinone and is incorporated directiy into the polymer matrix during polymer cure (175). This in-monomer concept has the potential to reduce dramatically the cost of visibiUty tinting of a contact lens. 

Production of anthraquinone reactive dyes based on derivatives of bromamine acid (8) was first commercialized in 1956. Some improvements have been made and now they ate predominandy used among the reactive blue dyes. Cl Reactive Blue 19 [2580-78-1] (9) (Cl 61200) (developed by Hoechst in 1957) has the greatest share among them including dye chromophores other than anthraquinones. 

Cl Reactive Blue 19 (9) is prepared by the reaction of bromamine acid (8) with y -aminophenyl-P-hydroxyethylsulfone [5246-57-1] (76) ia water ia the presence of an acid-hinding agent such as sodium bicarbonate and a copper catalyst (Ullmann condensation reaction) and subsequent esterification to form the sulfuric ester. 

Monochloro- or Dichlorotriazine Groups. Examples of commercial importance are Cl Reactive Blue 2 [12236-82-7] (80) (Cl 6121 /), Cl... 

For Reactive Blue 19 [2580-78-1] (Cl 61200 its reactive form, the vinyl sulfone (5), was found in the effluents of a textile mill and a wastewater treatment plant. The hydrolysis product of the vinyl sulfone was detected only in the effluent of the textile mill (257). 

Fig. 1. Blue reactive dyes from antliiaquinone. Also see Table 6. Reactive Blue 5 [16823-51 -1] (Cl 61210) (19), Reactive Blue 4 [13324-20-4] (Cl 61205) (20), eg, Piocion Blue MX-R, Reactive Blue 19 [2580-78-1] (Cl 61200) (21), eg, Remazol Brilliant Blue R.

Fig. 2. Phthalocyaiiine (22), and metallized fomiazan (23, 24) and azine (25) blue reactive dyes. Reactive Blue 15 [12225-39-7] (Cl 74459) (22) Reactive Blues (23) [78709-74-7] (8) and (24) (9) Reactive Blue 204 [109125-56-6] (25). Otlieiblue oxazine dyes aie other fluorotriazines [97140-65-3] (10,11), and a...

Ap4A, diadenosine tetraphosphate BBG, Brilliant blue green BzATP, 2 - 3 -0-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)-ATP cAMP, cyclic AMP CCPA, chlorocyclopentyl adenosine CPA, cyclopentyl adenosine CTP, cytosine triphosphate DPCPX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipnopylxanthine IP3, inosine triphosphate lpsl, diinosine penta phosphate a,p-meATP, a,p-methylene ATP p.y-meATP, p.y-meihylene ATP 2-MeSADP, 2-methylthio ADP 2-MeSAMP, 2-methylthio AMP 2-MeSATP, 2-methylthio ATP NECA, 5 -W-ethylcarboxamido adenosine PPADS, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2, 4 -disulfonic acid PLC, phospholipase C RB2, reactive blue 2 TNP-ATP, 2, 3 -0-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) ATP. 

The formation and isolation of solid complexes between cyclodextrins and reactive dyes have been reported, but no dyeing results were presented [29]. Complexes were formed between P-cyclodextrin and Cl Reactive Orange 16, Violet 5, Blue 38 or Blue 114 and between y-cyclodextrin and Cl Reactive Blue 38 or Blue 114. 

Washing Exhaust dyeing of Cl Reactive Red 123 on bleached cotton Continuous dyeing of Cl Reactive Blue 104 on mercerised cotton ... 

A detailed comparison [181] of three vinylsulphone dyes included a low-substantivity monoazo N-acetyl H acid derivative (Cl Reactive Red 35), a monoazo N-acetyl J acid type of higher substantivity (Cl Reactive Orange 82) and a phthalocyanine turquoise somewhat prone to aggregation (Cl Reactive Blue 21). Dyeings of these individual products were subjected to three wash-off procedures ... 

The 1 1 copper complex azo dyes are used both as reactive dyes for cotton and as direct dyes for paper. (For definitions of reactive dyes, which form covalent linkages with the substrate, and direct dyes, which bind more weakly, see refs. 23 and 24, respectively.) Typical monoazo dyes are Cl Reactive Violet 1 (23) and Cl Reactive Blue 13 (25), and the bis-copper-ed dye, Cl Direct Blue 80 (26). The navy blue dye, Cl Reactive Blue 82 (27), is a typical disazo dye. 

Water-soluble phthalocyanine dyes may contain only sulfonic acid groups but normally contain both sulfonic acid and sulfonamido groups. They are used as direct dyes for paper and as reactive dyes for cotton. Representative examples are Cl Direct Blue 199 (38) and Cl Reactive Blue 71 (39). These dyes are also used for the ink jet printing of textiles (see Section 9.12.6.2). 

There are bi-, tri-, and tetradentate formazan dyes7 but only the tetradentate copper complex formazan dyes have found use as commercial products. The dye Cl Reactive Blue 160, of generic structure (41), is a representative example. Because of the intensity of their colors, the metal complex formazan dyes have also found application in analysis. Thus, the dye (42) detects zinc at a concentration of 1 part in 50 million.31... 

Whitaker, J.E., fdaugland, R.P., Moore, P.L., Hewitt, P.C., Reese, M., and Haugland, R.P. (1991) Cascade blue derivatives Water soluble, reactive, blue emission dyes evaluated as fluorescent labels and tracers. 

The decolorization of Reactive Red 2 (azo dye) and Reactive Blue 4 by immobilized fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOL 13 was studied [56]. Birch wood was used as a carrier material and circular disks were used in the continuous rotating biological contactor. The experiment results showed the fungus to be able to decolorize mixtures of both dyes efficiently. Decolorization was found to be approximately same at 50 and 100 mg/L of dye stuff (96 and 94%, respectively). When the concentration was increased to 200 mg/L, decolorization decreased to 81%. 

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