Equipment chromatographic

Suggested method characterized by relative standard deviation of 0.02-0.1 allows determination of water in organic solvents until 0.008 mass.%. Concentrations under mentioned above can not be detected by direct GC due to residual humidity of sorbent and parts of chromatographic equipment. 

This book is directed to analysts who utilize chromatographic techniques on a routine basis, scientists interested in designing chromatographic equipment, graduate students and postgraduate research fellows, and all who wish to have a fundamental understanding of the processes involved in chromatographic separation. 

The peak broadening measured for a plate number characterization is the sum of the variances a) for the column and the chromatographic equipment used ... 

The Waters company recommends a system check of the chromatographic equipment that is used for plate number determination and analyses (2) the columns in the GPC unit used are replaced by a zero dead volume union. Then the test sample is injected under the same conditions such as a plate number determination. The 5a peak width measured on a suitable recorded peak is evaluated this 5or width of a 20-/a1 injection should be lower than 150 /a1. 

Figure 10.4 shows a schematic representation of the multidimensional GC-IRMS System developed by Nitz et al. (27). The performance of this system is demonstrated with an application from the field of flavour analysis. A Siemens SiChromat 2-8 double-oven gas chromatograph equipped with two FIDs, a live-T switching device and two capillary columns was coupled on-line with a triple-collector (masses 44,45 and 46) isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a high efficiency combustion furnace. The column eluate could be directed either to FID3 or to the MS by means of a modified Deans switching system . 

Apparatus. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionisation detector and data-handling system. The use of a digital integrator is particularly convenient for quantitative determinations, but other methods of measuring peak area may be used (Section 9.4). 

The purity of 1 and 2 is assessed by analytical gas-liquid chromatography (GC) on a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector and fitted with a 50 m x 0.2 mm HP-5 fused silica glass capillary column using linear temperature programming from an initial temperature of 150°C for 5 min to a final temperature of 200°C for 10 min at a rate of 5°C/min. 

Gel Permeation Chromatography. The instrument used for GPC analysis was a Waters Associates Model ALC - 201 gel permeation chromatograph equipped with a R401 differential refractometer. For population density determination, polystyrene powder was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 75 mg of polystyrene to SO ml THF. Three y -styragel columns of 10, 10, 10 A were used. Effluent flow rate was set at 2.2 ml/min. Total cumulative molar concentration and population density distribution of polymeric species were obtained from the observed chromatogram using the computer program developed by Timm and Rachow (16). 

Hydrotreating was carried out at 3.1 MPa (450 psig) and 613 K (340 °C) in a three-phase upflow fixed-bed reactor (Figure 1). The feed liquid was prepared by combining different quantities of 1.0 wt% tetralin (Aldrich, 99%), 0.02 wt% N as quinoline (Aldrich, 99%), 0.05 wt% S as 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT, Fisher, 95%), 0.3 wt% S as dimethyldisulfide (DMDS, Aldrich, 99%), n-octane (Aldrich, 99%), and balance n-tridecane (Alfa Aesar, 99%). Liquid product compositions were determined with a Hewlett-Packard 5890A chromatograph equipped with a 50 m dimethylsiloxane colunm (Chrompack, CPSil 5B) of 0.32 mm i.d. Reaction products were identified by matching retention times with commercially available standards. 

The major gaseous components were analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a TCD and a molecular sieve 13X column. The specific surface areas of carbon produced were measured by the BET method(ASAP 2010, Micromeritics). The morphology and particle size of the formed carbon were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy(S-4200, Hitachi... 

The photocatalytic experiments were performed in a horizontal quartz tube which it have TiOi. Illumination was provided by 500 W mercury lamps, located above the horizontal quartz tube. The reactant was 0.1% (v/v) ethylene in air. In case of Photo-Catalyst test, reactor effluent samples were taken at 30 min intervals and analyzed by GC. The composition of hydrocarbons in the feed and product stream was analyzed by a Shimadzu GC14B (VZIO) gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. In all case, steady state was reached within 3 h. 

Kumata H, H Takada, N Ogura (1996) Determination of 2-4-morpholinyl benzothiazole in environmental samples by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. Anal Chem 68 1976-1981. 

Reaction products were analyzed by on-line gas chromatography with a Shimadzu GC-14A gas chromatograph equipped with a 50 m CP Sil-5 fused silica capfllary column and a flame ionization detector. Reaction intermediates were identified by GC-MS. Samples were taken after 50 h on stream when the activity of the catalyst was stable, with n-nonane and n-dodecane as internal standards. Space time was defined as t = e Voat/vgas, where e is the void fraction of the... 

Gas chromatograph equipped with a thermionic specific detector (TSD) DB-5 Megabore capillary column, 30 m x 0.53-mm i.d. 

Gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector... 

High-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector Microsyringe, 25- iL... 

Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector Hewlett-Packard Model 3396 or 3396A integrator Hewlett-Packard Model 6890 or 7673A autosampler RTX-1 fused-silica column (100% polymethylsilox-ane), 30 m x 0.53-mm i.d., 0.5- um film thickness, Restek Corporation (Bellefonte, PA, USA)... 

Gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector Water-bath electrically heated, temperature 45 °C... 

Automated gel permeation chromatograph (Cleanup XL, Abimed Gilson) equipped with 5-mL loop and chromatographic tube, 25-mm i.d., 600-mm long, filled with 52-g of Bio-Beads, S-X3, 200 00 mesh, 33-cm gel bed length GC Gas chromatograph equipped with a split/splitless injector, autosampler, DB-1 fused-silica column, 30 mx 0.25-mm i.d., 0.25-p.m film thickness and electron capture detector... 

Chromatographic columns (glass with stopcock and solvent reservoir, 10-mm i.d.) Fused-silica capillary column, DB-1701, 60 m x 0.32-mm i.d., O.lS-qm film thickness (14% cyanopropylphenyl)methylpolysiloxane Varian 3400 gas chromatograph equipped with a temperature-programmed SPI injector, a Varian 8100 autosampler, and a Varian Saturn II lontrap mass spectrometer Centrifuge vials, 10- and 250-mL Evaporation flasks, 100- and 250-mL Separatory funnel, 250-mL... 

Gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector High-performance liquid chromatograph... 

Gas chromatograph, equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector Glass chromatography column, 19 x 300 mm with Teflon stopcock Glass wool (Pyrex)... 

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