Hydrogen sulfates

Example 2.5 tert-Butyl hydrogen sulfate is required as an intermediate in a reaction sequence. This can be produced by the reaction between isobutylene and moderately concentrated sulfuric acid ... [Pg.51]

Series reactions occur in which the tert-butyl hydrogen sulfate reacts to unwanted tert-butyl alcohol ... [Pg.52]

Example The pK s for the first and second ionizations of sulfuric acid are —48 and 2 0 respectively Sulfuric acid (HOSO2OH) is a strong acid hydrogen sulfate ion (H0S020 ) is a weak acid... [Pg.44]

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are the acids most frequently used m alcohol dehydrations Potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4) is also often used... [Pg.203]

Step 3 in Figure 5 6 shows water as the base which ab stracts a proton from the car bocation Other Bronsted bases present in the reaction mixture that can function in the same way include tert butyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfate ion... [Pg.206]

Acids other than hydrogen halides also add to the carbon-carbon bond of alkenes Concen trated sutfuric acid for example reacts with certain alkenes to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates... [Pg.245]

Notice m the following example that a proton adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens and the hydrogen sulfate anion ( OSO2OH) adds to the carbon that has the fewer hydrogens... [Pg.245]

Alkyl hydrogen sulfates can be converted to alcohols by heating them with water This IS called hydrolysis, because a bond is cleaved by reaction with water It is the oxygen-sulfur bond that is broken when an alkyl hydrogen sulfate undergoes hydrolysis... [Pg.246]

The combination of sulfuric acid addition to propene followed by hydrolysis of the resulting isopropyl hydrogen sulfate is the major method by which over 10 lb of isopropyl alcohol is prepared each year m the United States... [Pg.246]

Hydration of alkenes by this method however is limited to monosubstituted alkenes and disubstituted alkenes of the type RCH=CHR Disubstituted alkenes of the type R2C=CH2 along with trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted alkenes do not form alkyl hydrogen sulfates under these conditions but instead react m a more complicated way with concentrated sulfuric acid (to be discussed m Section 6 21)... [Pg.247]

Unlike the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates this reaction is carried out m a dilute acid medium A 50% water/sulfuric acid solution is often used yielding the alcohol directly without the necessity of a separate hydrolysis step Markovmkov s rule is followed... [Pg.247]

Although 2 methylpropene undergoes acid catalyzed hydration m dilute sulfuric acid to form tert butyl alcohol (Section 6 10) a different reaction occurs m more concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid Rather than form the expected alkyl hydrogen sulfate (see Sec tion 6 9) 2 methylpropene is converted to a mixture of two isomeric C Hig alkenes... [Pg.266]

Alkenes react with sulfuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates A proton and a hydrogen sulfate ion add to the double bond in accordance with Markovnikov s rule Alkenes that yield tertiary carboca tions on protonation tend to polymerize in concentrated sulfuric acid (Section 6 21)... [Pg.272]

Alkene Sulfuric acid Alkyl hydrogen sulfate... [Pg.272]

In a widely used industnal process the mixture of ethylene and propene that is obtained by dehydrogenation of natural gas is passed into concentrated sulfunc acid Water is added and the solution IS heated to hydrolyze the alkyl hydrogen sulfate The product is almost exclusively a sin gle alcohol Is this alcohol ethanol 1 propanol or 2 propanoH Why is this particular one formed almost exclusively" ... [Pg.277]

Step 2 A proton is lost from the sp hybridized carbon of the intermediate to restore the aromaticity of the ring The species shown that abstracts the proton is a hydrogen sulfate ion formed by ionization of sulfunc acid... [Pg.479]

Ethanol Sulfuric acid Ethyloxonium ion Hydrogen sulfate ion... [Pg.637]

Sulfuric acid is normally used instead of hydrochloric acid in the diazotization step so as to minimize the competition with water for capture of the cationic intermediate Hydrogen sulfate anion (HS04 ) is less nucleophilic than chloride... [Pg.947]

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