Tetradecyl sulfate

Sanchez et al. [61,62] studied the stability of sodium decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfates and sodium lauryl ether (3 EO) sulfate in acid media (pH 1) at different temperatures and concentrations above and below the critical micelle concentration. Sodium decyl sulfate was shown to be relatively stable for several hours at temperatures up to 90°C. Sodium dodecyl and tetradecyl sulfates were only stable for short periods of time at temperatures above 40-50°C. As expected, sodium lauryl ether sulfate was less stable to hydrolysis than the corresponding lauryl sulfate. 

TABLE 9 Effect of the Position of the Sulfate Group of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfates on CMC (mol/L x 103)... 

Position of sulfate Tetradecyl sulfates Straight-chain sulfates ... 

Shedlovsky et al. studied mixtures of sodium decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfates by electromotive force measurements and determined the extent of the dissociation of the sodium counterions by the micelles. From the data obtained strong interaction below the CMC was found for all of the mixtures except those containing more than 25 mol % of sodium decyl sulfate [122]. Commercial alcohol sulfates are mixtures of homologs with different hydrocarbon chains. It has been demonstrated [123] that the CMC of such products is lower than that expected by calculation from the linear relationship between log CMC and the number of carbon atoms of the alcohol as stated in Eq. (11). These results are shown in Fig. 9. 

The aggregation numbers of sodium octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfates at temperatures between 20°C and 60°C have been studied by Vass by small-angle neutron scattering [130]. Table 22 shows the aggregation numbers of some alcohol and alcohol ether sulfates. 

The apparent and partial molar volumes of aggregated sodium octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfate molecules have been studied in detail by Vass et al. [144] from densities measured by a vibrating capillary densitometer in normal and 99.85% heavy water at 25°C and by Vass [130] from density, small-angle scattering, and positron annihilation measurements. 

The foaming properties of sodium symmetrical secondary alcohol sulfates, sodium secondary alcohol sulfates, isomeric sodium secondary pentanol sulfates, and sodium linear alcohol sulfates were studied by Dreger et al. [72] via the Ross-Miles test [150] at 46°C. Within the linear series sodium tetradecyl sulfate produces the largest amount of foam. The influence of several electrolytes was also studied. 

C. Among sodium salts, hexadecyl sulfate gave a maximum foam volume, above 700 cm3, at 75 °C while at 50°C the maximum corresponds to tetradecyl sulfate but, as expected, with a lower volume (around 550 cm3). The fact that solubility in water decreases as the chain length increases can explain the progressive displacement of the maximum to higher homologs as the temperature increases. 

A study using resuspended river sediment (Marchesi et al. 1991) illustrated the important interdependence of substrate attachment to particulate matter and its biodegradability. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate that is degradable resulted in a relative increase in the number of particle-associated bacteria, whereas this was not observed with the nondegrad-able analogs such as sodium tetradecyl sulfate or sodium dodecane sulfonate. 

Ethanolamine, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium morrhuate, and polidocanol... 

Abbreviations. aT = a-tocopherol, AC = aminocoumarin, ANS = l-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid, CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, DPPC = dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPH — l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DSHA = Ai-dansylhexadecylamine, GMO = glycerol monooleate, HC = hydrocoumarin, N,N -DOC = JV,JV -di(octadecyl)oxacarbocyanine, PC = phosphatidylcholine, p-CUO = pyrene caroboxaldehyde, SDES — sodium decyl sulfate, SDS — sodium dodecyl sulfate, STS = sodium tetradecyl sulfate. 

Fig. 3.8 Variations of air-entraining capacities of surface active agents in cement pastes with varying concentrations of agents (Bruere). 1 = sodium dodecyl sulfate 2 = sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3 = sodium abietate.

A homologue series of sodium octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfate [54]. 

Table 3 presents the results for the analysis of the homologue series of the alkyl sulfate surfactants. The maximum adsorption, Poo, increases, together with the increasing munber of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail. Consequently, there is an increase in the attraction forces the stronger attractions lead to smaller areas occupied by the surfactant ions. This increases the number of the counterion bindings (except the last homologue-tetradecyl sulfate). The model has not been able to best fit the data for tetradecyl sulfate in the presence as well as in the absence (A/r = 0) of a Stern layer. 

PEROXIDES AND PEROXIDE COMPOUNDS - ORGANIC PEROXIDES] (Vol 18) Di(n-tetradecyl) sulfate [66186-19-4]... 

A micelle is a dynamic structure. Surfactants leave the micelle and go into solution while other surfactants enter the micelle from solution. The timescales involved depend critically on the specific structure of the surfactant, in particular on the length of the hydrocarbon chain. For example, the residence time of a single dodecylsulfate (CH3(CH2)h0S03 ) in a SDS micelle at 25° C is 6 /xs [525], If we reduce the chain length by two methylene units to decyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)g0S03 ) the residence time decreases to roughly 0.5 /us. Tetradecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)i30S03 ), which has two methylene units more than dodecylsulfate, typically remains 83 /its in a micelle. 

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a modality of liquid chromatography having a surfactant molecule in the form of a micelle, which was introduced by Terabe et al. in 1984 [38]. The formation and separation occur in the capillary and, hence, it is also called micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). This modality is useful for some specific molecules having solubilities in micelles and, therefore, utilized for the separation and identification of such compounds with great efficiency, reproducibility, and low levels of detections. The most commonly used compounds for micelle formation are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium decanesulfonate, sodium /V-lauryl-/V-mcthyllauratc, sodium... 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium tetradecyl sulfate Sodium cetyl sulfate Sodium oleyl sulfate... 

SYNS 7-ETHYI 2-METHYI 4-HEXADECANOL SULFATE SODIUM SALT MYRISTYL SULFATE. SODIUM SALT NIAPROOF4 SODIUM SOTRADECOL SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATE STS SULFURIC ACID, MONOTETRADECYL ESTER, SODIUM SALT SULFURIC ACID, MYRISTYL ESTER, SODIUM SALT TERGITOL 4 TETRADECYL SODIUM SULFATE TETRADECYL SULFATE, SODIUM SALT TROMBAVAR TROMBOVAR... 

Allergic contact dermatitis, characterized by erythema, palpable edema, and raised borders, was attributed to benzyl alcohol (2). In this case, the benzyl alcohol was present as a preservative in an injectable solution of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, a sclerosing agent used for the treatment of varicose veins. The author provided a hst of 151 injectable formulations (48 for subcutaneous administration) that contained benzyl alcohol as a preservative in the range 0.5-2.0%. The list included hormones and steroids, antihypertensive drugs (reserpine), vitamin formulations (vitamins B12 and Bg), ammonium sulfate, antihistamines, antibiotics, heparin (17 brands), tranquillizers, and sclerosing agents (sodium morrhuate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate). 

Fig. 5-38. Separation of fatty alcohol sulfates with various chain lengths. - Separator column IonPac NS1 (10 pm) eluent (A) 0.02 mol/L NH4OH / acetonitrile (80 20 v/v), (B) 0.02 mol/L NH4OH / acetonitrile (20 80 v/v) gradient linear, 100% A to 100% B in 25 min flow rate 1 mL/ min detection suppressed conductivity injection volume 50 jiL solute concentrations 1. 80 mg/ L Rewopol NLS 28 II. 80 ppm each of octyl sulfate (1), decyl sulfate (2), dodecyl sulfate (3), tetradecyl sulfate (4), and hexadecyl sulfate (5).

SODIUM DEC YL ETHER SULFATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATE SODIUM 2-ETHYL HEXYL SULFATE... 

Sodium tetradecyl sulfate is a sclerosing agent, which causes venous intima inflammation and thrombus formation, which occludes the injected vein and subsequently forms fibrous tissue that results in partial or complete vein obliteration. It is indicated in the treatment of small uncomplicated varicose veins of the lower extremities that show simple dilation with competent valves. 

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