Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzae

Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa... 

Thermus aquaticus Thermus thermophilus Thermus filiformis Deinococcus radiodurans Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzae Streptococus pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium laprae Treponema pallidum Chlamydia trachomatis Boriela burgdorferi Helicobacter pyroli Lactococcus lactis Mythelobacterium Rhodothermus obamensis Rickettsia prowazekii Streptomyces coelicolor Bacillus stearothermophilus Synechocystis sp Aquifex aeolicus Apse-1 DNA polymerase T7 DNA polymerase T5 DNA polymerase ... 

Ampicillin (oral, IV) and amoxicillin (oral)—gram-positive cocci (not staph), Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes (ampicillin). Activity enhanced if used in combination with inhibitors of penicillinase (davulanic acid, sulbactam). Amoxicillin is a backup drug in Lyme disease and is also used in some regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in GI ulcers. 

Lower respiratory tract infections - Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase-producing), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Acinetobactersp., Serratia marcescens. 

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

The majority of sepsis cases, especially the more severe forms, have bacterial etiologies. Common bacterial species include Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli. Salmonella typhi (and other enterobacterial species). Pseudomonas species and haemolytic streptococci in children Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis are important whereas nosocomial episodes of sepsis are frequently caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Streptococcus faecalis (syn. enterococci), yeasts and anaerobes. 

Viridans streptococci Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Haemophilus influenzae Escherichia coli Klebsiella Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas ... 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa S77424 Vibrio cholerae NP 232292 Haemophilus influenzae NP 438701 Escherichia coli AAC77103 Yersinia pestis N P 403999 ... 

Yersinia pestis NP 667396 Escherichia coli P04790 — 100 L Enterobacter cloacae AAD161S3 Pasteurella multocida P57936 Haemophilus influenzae AAC22337 ... 

Two types of gram-negative rods cause eye infections. Haemophilus influenzae causes infections in early childhood, with otitis media and conjimctivitis often seen concurrently. The enteric gram-negative rods include Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria are typically found in the intestinal tract and commonly cause urinary tract infections. In the eye they can cause corneal ulcers. 

More than 100 restriction enzymes have been purified and characterized. Their names consist of a three-letter abbreviation for the host organism (e.g., Eco for Escherichia coli, ERn for Haemophilus influenzae, Hae for Haemophilus... 

Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Escherichia coli Klebsiella species Proteus species Morganella morganii Neisseria gonorrhoeae... 

Despite the fact that many heptoses are by far less prominent in Nature than hexoses these monosaccharides are found both as metabolic intermediates, and as structural carbohydrates of bacterial cell walls.D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is an important intermediate of the pentose cycle, and D-sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate is present in plants as an intermediate of the dark phase of photosynthetic reactions. L-Glycero-D-manno-heptose was isolated from the oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K-12 strain W3100 [153] and Haemophilus influenzae [154]. Both L-glycero-D-wtanno-heptose and D-glycero-D-ma o-heptose were isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus [155]. 

Several hundred restriction enzymes have been purified and characterized. Their names consist of a three-letter abbreviation for the host organism (e.g., Eco for Escherichia coli, Hin for Haemophilus influenzae, Mae for Haemophilus aegyptius) followed by a strain designation (if needed) and a roman numeral (if more than one restriction enzyme from the same strain has been identified). The specificities of several of these enzymes are shown in Figure 5.1. 

Tatusov, R. L., et al., Metabolism and evolution of Haemophilus influenzae deduced from a whole-genome comparison with Escherichia coli. Curr Biol, 1996. 6(3) p. 279-91. 

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