Gram-negative rods

Continued efforts to improve the activity of the monobactams against nonfermenting gram-negative rods such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the discovery of SQ 83,360 [104393-00-2] (58), C22H24N q0 2 2 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone containing monocarbam. The enhanced activity of SQ 83,360 is... 

Parameters of heat resistance 6.4 Gram-negative rods... 

The most common pathogens in bacterial keratitis are Pseudomonas (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and other gram-negative rods, staphylococci, and streptococci. If the keratitis is related to the use of contacts, Pseudomonas is the most common cause followed by Serratia marcescens. For hospitalized infants and adults on respirators, Pseudomonas is the most common.19... 

Gram-negative rods Tobramycin 3-14 mg/mL or Gentamicin 3-14 mg/mL or Ceftazidime SO mg/mL or Fluoroquinolones 3 mg/mL Less severe keratitis may use less frequent dosing Antibiotics may be alternated each hour for ulcers and contact lens... 

The patient has continued hypotension despite previous intervention. Continued hypoxia has led to mechanical ventilation. The patient s serum creatinine has risen to 6.8 mg/dl. Blood cultures reveal gram-positive cocci and lactose-negative oxidase-positive gram-negative rods. 

Evaluation of P. nitroreducens with quinoline as the sole source of nitrogen showed a reduction of the total nitrogen content by 85%. The partial sequence of the 16S-rRNA gene of this Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was determined and shown to be close to P. alcaligenes and P. stutzeri. 

Nevertheless, a rapid disappearance of resistant bacteria was observed after stopping the antibiotic treatment (fig. 5). Different kinetics of disappearance were, however, observed. The aerobic species showed a more rapid return to the baseline sensitive status whereas the anaerobic bacteria, especially the Gram-negative rods, regained sensitivity to rifaximin more slowly. In any case, 3 months after the end of treatment resistant strains were no longer detectable in the feces [82], These results support the cyclic use of rifaximin that has been adopted by the investigators in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy [77] and colonic diverticular disease [79]. 

Gram-Negative Rods Identified from Patients... 

Similar to penicillin G also includes E o li, R mirabiiis, and H. influenzae. Gram-negative rods and especially useful for Pseudo monos spp. 

Wide action against gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and some anaerobes. 

Resistant to p-lactamases produced by gram-negative rods. 

Plague. Clinical features of pneumonic plague include fever, cough with muco-purulent sputum (gram-negative rods may be seen on gram stain), hemoptysis, and chest pain. A chest radiograph will show evidence of bronchopneumonia. 

Gram-negative Bacteria. The significant data are summarized in Table IV. Cinkotai et al. (11,12) showed that the prevalence of byssinotic symptoms correlated best with gram-negative rod counts in the total airborne dust from cardrooms of cotton mills. This correlation could be Increased by multiplying the bacterial counts by the years of exposure of the worker. These bacteria also correlated with the number of 2-4 ym particles and the amount of protease in the air. 

Neal et al. ( ) described a "cotton bacterium" (probably an encapsulated enterobacterial species) that caused illness in rural mattress workers. He also pointed out that stained cottons have large numbers of gram-negative rods. 

Endotoxin. Endotoxin is the lipopolysaccharide that comprises a major portion of the cell wall of the gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins from each species of bacteria are different but the lipid A moiety is similar for the Enterobacterlaceae, and has a similar series of biological actions regardless of its source. The lipid A material is different in some of the gram-negative rods present in cotton (i.e. in the Pseudomonas species). This variety of compounds makes quantitation of endotoxin difficult. Hence, it is usually measured by its biological activity as compared to a standard endotoxin (usually that of E. coll). (See Table VIII.)... 

Fischer (30) reported that airborne respirable endotoxin levels correlate (Spearman s coefficient of rank correlation) with the counts of gram-negative rods, with the percent of the total material processed that is Memphis cotton, and with the decrease in FEV, if these data are calculated only on mills where the carding areas are separate from the spinning areas. 

Pseudomonas sp. Aerobic, Gram negative rods, widely distributed in nature ... 

Alcaligenes faecalis Obligately aerobic. Gram negative rods or cocci, occur in ... 

Monobactams like aztreonam are monocyclic, as opposed to bicyclic, beta-lactam antibiotics. They are beta-lactamase-resistant. The monobactams are active against gram negative rods but lack activity against gram positive bacteria or against anaerobes. They are administered intravenously and they are rapidly excreted in the urine. 

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