Cocci gram-positive

Clindamycin has found use in the treatment of common infections caused by gram-positive cocci It is also efficacious in the treatment of anaerobic infections, including actinomycosis (38). Clindamycin has been shown to be active against strains of P/asmodiumin animals (66—68). 

Gram-positive cocci 6.2 Mechanisms of fungal resistance... 

Gram-positive cocci Cefazolin SO mg/mL or Vancomycin 15-50 mg/mL first hour, then every 1 S minutes to 1 hour around the clock... 

Pneumonia owing to aspiration of oral contents is caused by a variety of anaerobes (Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., and anaerobic gram-positive cocci), as well as Streptococcus spp. M. catarrhalis and Eikenella corrodens may be involved, but much less frequently.14,15 When gastric contents are aspirated, then enteric gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus are more commonly the pathogens.15... 

The pathogenesis of diabetic foot infection stems from three key factors neuropathy, angiopathy, and immunopathy. Aerobic gram-positive cocci, such as S. aureus and P-hemolytic streptococci, are the predominant pathogens in acutely infected diabetic foot ulcers. However, chronically infected wounds are subject to polymicrobial infection and require treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. 

Hoen B. Special issues in the management of infective endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2002 16 437-452. 

The patient has continued hypotension despite previous intervention. Continued hypoxia has led to mechanical ventilation. The patient s serum creatinine has risen to 6.8 mg/dl. Blood cultures reveal gram-positive cocci and lactose-negative oxidase-positive gram-negative rods. 

Rifaximin selected resistant Gram-positive cocci mutants more easily under aerobic conditions than in an anaerobic atmosphere [46, 48]. In comparison with Gram-positive microorganisms, drug-resistant Gramnegative bacilli were rarely detected [46, 48],... 

Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Straphylococcus are clinically the most important of the Gram-positive cocci. Table 4 shows the range of MIC of rifaximin for 206 Gram-positive cocci where the MIC50 was <0.015-2 pg/ ml for the tested strains [27, 30, 31]. The MIC90 was... 

Table 4. In vitro activity of rifaximin against Gram-positive cocci [27, 30, 31 ]...

Wide action against gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and some anaerobes. 

Macrolides Erythromycin Inhibits protein synthesis by binding Gram-positive cocci, mycoplasma,... 

A 75-year-old male develops a cough that produces blood-tinged sputum. He has a fever of 104°F Gram-positive cocci in clusters are found in a sputum smear. A chest x-ray shows increased density in the right upper lobe. Of the following penicillins, which is most likely to be ineffective ... 

When aminoglycosides are used for endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci with a traditional three-times daily regimen, peak serum concentrations are recommended to be on the low side of the traditional ranges (3 to 4 mcg/mL for gentamicin). 

Antibiotics used for empirical treatment of community-acquired intraabdominal infections should be active against empiric gram-negative aerobic and facultative bacilli and /5-lactam-susceptible gram-positive cocci. 

Croup A streptococci, S. aureus occasionally other gram-positive cocci, gramnegative bacilli, and/or anaerobes... 

Gastroduodenal Enteric gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci, oral anaerobes Cefazolin 1 g x 1 High-risk patients only (obstruction, hemorrhage, malignancy, acid suppression therapy, morbid obesity) IA... 

Fischetti, V. A., Pancholi, V., and Schneewind, O. (1990). Conservation of a hexapeptide sequence in the anchor regions of surface proteins from gram-positive cocci. Mol. Microbiol. 4,1603-1605. 

Mupirocin (Bactroban) Topical antibiotic Oint 2% [15,30gm] Nasal oint 2% [1 gm] Apply to affected areas tid. Active against gram positive cocci 0.5 gm ( 4 tube) in each nostril bid x 5daysfor MRSA nasal carriers... 

Rifamycin- quinolone heterodimer Antibiotics CBR-2092 (156) Antibacterial Bcerts antimicrobial activity through combined effects on RNA polymerase, DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase Phase Ila (treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive cocci) Cumbre Pharmaceuticals 819, 820... 

Jones R, Fritsche T, Sader H, Ross JE. (2006) Activity of retapamuhn (SB-275833), a novel pleuromutilin, against selected resistant gram-positive Cocci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 2583-2586. 

It is effective against Gram-positive cocci and staphylococci that prodnce penicillinase. It is used for the same indications as methicillin. Synonyms of this drug are nafcil, nalpen, unipen, and others. 

Mi id infections caused by susceptibie gram-positive cocci - 250 to 500 mg every 8 hours. 

Serious infections - Serious infections due to aerobic gram-positive cocci and the more sensitive anaerobes 600 to 1200 mg/day in 2 to 4 equal doses. 

Penicillin remains the agent of choice for many infections caused by gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. 

Gram-positive cocci, especially viridans streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, cause the vast majority of episodes of endocarditis in individuals without a prosthetic heart device. In prosthetic device endocarditis coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus are major pathogens early after the implantation of the device later episodes of prosthetic device associated endocarditis are more likely due to viridans streptococci. Enterococci-bacteremia is associated with lesions in the digestive tract and frequently causes endocarditis. Gram-negative bacilli cause <5% of episodes of bacterial endocarditis. 

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