Davulanic acid

Many bite wounds can be treated on an outpatient basis with amoxidllin-davulanic acid. 

Initial IV therapy, followed by penicillin VK 250-500 mg every 6 hours Clindamycin 150-300 mg eveiy 6-8 hours0 Amoxicillin-davulanic acid 875 mg/125 mg every 12 hours... 

Amoxicillin-davulanic acid 40 mg/kg (of the amoxicillin component) in two divided doses... 

Antibacterial davulanic acid and amoxillin trihydrate/penem alkal. 

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin are also available in combination with one of several 3-lactamase inhibitors davulanic acid, sulbactam, or tazobactam. The addition of a 3-lactamase inhibitor extends the activity of these penicillins to include 3-lactamase-producing strains of S aureus as well as some 3-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (see Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors). 

Penicillins Ampicillin Amoxicillin-davulanic acid Cephalosporins Cephalexin Cefaclor Cefadroxil Cefuroxime Cefixime Cefzil... 

Ampicillin (oral, IV) and amoxicillin (oral)—gram-positive cocci (not staph), Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes (ampicillin). Activity enhanced if used in combination with inhibitors of penicillinase (davulanic acid, sulbactam). Amoxicillin is a backup drug in Lyme disease and is also used in some regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in GI ulcers. 

Penicillinase inhibitors, such as davulanic acid and sulbactam, are suidde inhibitors. 

Consistent with the proposed mechanism is the finding that deoxydavulanate [69779-62-0] (12, R = CH3, R/ = H), CgH9N04, and the oxapenem [78808-19-2] (16) CgH9N04, are potent inhibitors whereas the dihydrodavulanic acid [59897-36-2] (17), CyI 111NO, is devoid of usefiil activity. The oxapenem (16) is a more potent inhibitor than davulanic acid (12, R = CH2OH, R = H) but (16) is unstable. 

CH3) which has activity similar to that of davulanic acid and inhibits many of the type I Cephases. The synthesis (156), microbiological activity (152,156—162), and stability (152) of tazobactam have been reported... 

Although a broad range of P-lactamase inhibitors has been discovered, only davulanic acid and sulbactam have been commercialized. Qavulanic acid (12, R = CH2OH, R/ = H), manufactured by SmithKline Beecham, is sold as an oral and parenteral product in combination with amoxicillin under the trade name Augmentin. A parenteral product in combination with ticarcillin [34787-01-4], G H N O S, has the trade name, Timentin. In 1990 woddwide sales of davulanic acid containing products were about 725 million. 

Haginaka, J. Yasuda, H. Uno, T. Nakagawa, T. Alkaline degradation of davulanic acid and high performance liquid chromatographic determination by post-column alkaline degradation. Chem. Pharm.Bull., 1983, 31, 4436-4447... 

Jehl, R Monteil, H. Brogard, J.M. [Direct determination of davulanic acid in biological fluids using HPLC]. Pathol.Biol.(Paris), 1987, 35, 702-706... 

Bismuth, ascorbic add, tartaric acid, hydrazine and related compounds, nitroglycerine, paracetamol, sulfonamides, tetracydines, thiamine, vitamin B12, theophiline, procaine, benzocaine, perphenazine, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine, thioridazine, catecholamines, oxazepam, nitrazepam, carbimazole, tobramycin, bromhexine, bromazepan, pyridoxine, amoxyllin, davulanic acid, furazolidone, furaltadone, ephedrine, phenylephedrine... 

Valentine BP, Bailey CR, Doherty A, Morris J, Ebon SW, Baggaley KH, Nicholson NH, Evidence that arginine is a later metabolic itttermediate than ornithine in the biosynthesis of davulanic acid by Streptomyces clavtdi gerus. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1993 1210-1211. 

Studniarz M, Czubkowski P, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Jankowska I, Teisse)fre M, Kammska D, et al. AmoxiciUin/davulanic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury after pediatric liver transplantation. Ann Transplant 2012 17(1) 128-31. 

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