Moraxella catarrhalis

Moraxella Moraxella bovis Moraxella catarrhalis Morbilli virus Morchella crassipes Morchella hortensis... 

Cover Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis... 

Uncomplicated exacerbation Not requiring hospitalization Less than 3 exacerbations per year No comorbid illness I I V, greater than 50% predicted No recent antibiotic therapy Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis Oral Macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin) Second- or third-generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefprozil) Doxycycline Ketolide (telithromycin) P-Lactam/P-Iactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin-clavulanate) Intravenous Not recommended... 

Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae 03-lactam resistance possible)... 

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of acute otitis media (20% to 35%). Nontypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are each responsible for 20% to 30% and 20% of cases, respectively. In 44% of cases, a viral etiology is found with or without concomitant bacteria. 

Selection of empiric antimicrobial therapy should be based on the most likely organisms. The most common organisms for acute exacerbation of COPD are Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and H. parainfluenzae. 

In lipid A of Moraxella catarrhalis an unusual lipid A was identified possessing an asymmetrical (3 + 4) acylation pattern with four 12 0(3-OH) residues as primary fatty acids, three of which are acylated to form acyloxya-cyl residues [12 0(3-0(10 0)] at positions 2 and 3 and [12 0(3-0(12 0)] at position 2 (193b). 

Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis. 

Community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

A combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective treatment for a wide variety of infections including P jiroveci pneumonia, shigellosis, systemic salmonella infections, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and some nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. It is active against most Staphylococcus aureus strains, both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant, and against respiratory tract pathogens such as the pneumococcus, Haemophilus sp, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (but not Mycoplasma pneumoniae). However, the increasing prevalence of strains of E coli (up to 30% or more) and pneumococci that are resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole must be considered before using this combination for empirical therapy of upper urinary tract infections or pneumonia. 

Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa... 

Moraxella catarrhalis -macrolide activity against [ANTIBIOTICS - MACROLIDES] (Vol3)... 

Gram-negative cocci Moraxella catarrhalis Otitis pneumonia sinusitis Amoxicillin + clavulanate ampicillin + sulbactam A cephalosporin azithromycin clarithromycin doxycycline erythromycin trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

Hits from the screen were used to select related compounds for further testing from the Lilly collection of compounds [33], The HPLC assay was used to measure MurD inhibition and standard antimicrobial assays were carried out with S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae 76, Staphylococcus aureus 027, and Moraxella catarrhalis BC-1. A series of indole and phenoxypropyl amine derivatives with activity against MurD, were discovered that exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. 

C Thornsberry, PT Ogilvie, HP Holley Jr, DF Sahm. Survey of susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 26 antimicrobial agents a prospective U.S. study. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 43 2612-2623, 1999. 

Kelly, J., Masoud, H., Perry, M.B., Richards, J.C., Thibault, P. Separation and characterization of O-deacylated lipooligosaccharides and glycans derived from Moraxella catarrhalis using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 233 (1996) 15-30. 

Moraxella catarrhalis is also known in the literature as Branhamella catarrhalis and type strains are available from the ATCC or clinical microbiology laboratories may provide clinical isolates. It is strongly recommended that a biohazard safety hood is used when handling large quantities of the bacterium (see Note 3). 

Azithromycin, though less active against streptococci and staphylococci than erythromycin, is far more active against respiratory infections due to Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Except for its cost, it is now the preferred therapy for urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Its activity against Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex has not proven to be clinically important, except in AIDS patients with disseminated infections. 

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