Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major pathogenic factor responsible for atrophic rhinitis, a disease which is characterized by bone loss in the nose of pigs. PMT is a 145 kDa single-chain exotoxin, which activates Goq protein (but not Gan) and stimulates phospholipase C 3. In addition, G12/i3 proteins and subsequently Rho pathways are activated. 

I Bite-wound infections generally are polymicrobial. On average, five different bacterial species can be isolated from an infected animal bite wound.3 Both the normal flora of the biter s mouth and that of the bite recipient s skin can be implicated. The bacteriology of the cat and dog mouth is quite similar. Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative aerobe, is one of the predominant pathogens, isolated in up to 50% of dog and 75% of cat bites. S. viridans are the most frequently cultured bacteria from human bite wounds.3,43 Table 70-10 provides a comprehensive list of cat, dog, and human bite-wound pathogens. 

Dog and cat Pasteurella multocida, staphylococci, streptococci Moraxella spp., Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas spp. 

Blackall, P. J. Miflin, J. K. Identification and typing of Pasteurella multocida A review. Avian Pathol. 2000, 29, 271-287. 

Fig. 1. Biodegradation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) by Pasteurella multocida Sa in the presence of ethanol. Ester hydrolysis of DMT involves a transesterification of mono-methyl terephthalate (MMT), and the formation of monoethyl terephthalate (MET).

Porcilis AR-T DF (combination vaccine containing a recombinant modified toxin from Pasteurella multocida) Intervet Reduction in clinical signs of progressive atrophic rhinitis in piglets... 

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin azithromycin, or doxycydinee Pasteurella multocida... 

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and clindamycin should not be used for treatment because of their poor activity against Pasteurella multocida. 

The infected dog bite is usually characterized by a localized cellulitis and pain at the site of injury. The cellulitis usually spreads proximally from the initial site of injury. If Pasteurella multocida is present, a rapidly progressing cellulitis with a gray malodorous discharge may be encountered. 

A series of 7-diazabicycloalkyl quinolones has been prepared and found to exhibit excellent broad spectrum activity against important veterinary pathogenic bacteria [105], The structures of several of these interesting bicyclic analogues (76) as well as MIC data are summarized in Table 6.28. Compound (76e) (danofloxacin), which also exhibits excellent p.o. and s.c. activity in a mouse protection model for Pasteurella multocida [ 106], is undergoing development for use in veterinary medicine. It has been shown to exhibit excellent bioavailability properties in cattle, swine and poultry [107] and is efficacious in models for the treatment of respiratory diseases in food-producing animals [108],... 

Pasteurella infections (Pasteurella multocida) Bacteremia and meningitis... 

The clinical uses of penicillin G include endocarditis caused by S. viridans (or Streptococcus hovix), pharyngitis (group A (3-hemolytic streptococci), cat bite cellulitis Pasteurella multocida), and syphilis (Treponema pallidum). 

Pasteurellosis of sheep and cattle occurs in Europe, Africa, India and the USA. It is caused by the Gram-negative organism Pasteurella multocida, and results in haemorrhagic septicaemia. This manifests itself as severe fever, accompanied by pneumonia-like symptoms or diarrhoea. Mortality is high — up to 95% — and death usually results in four days, in the absence of treatment. 

Pasteurella multocida Abscesses bacteremia meningitis wound infections (animal bites] Penicillin G A cephalosporin doxycycline amoxicillin/ clavulanate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

Biological activity of the macrolide derived from tylosin against Pasteurella multocida and P. haemolytica (in particular) in vitro and P. multicida (in particular) in vivo has been tested on chicks. Remarkable inhibition of these viruses is obtained. It is also found active against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, synoviae, hyorhinis and hyopneumoniae 222... 

Sabri, A., Wilson, B.A., and Steinberg, S.F. 2002. Dual actions of the G,xq agonist Pasteurella multocida toxin to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and enhance apoptosis susceptibility. Circ. Res. 90 850-857. 

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., St. Michael, F., Wilkie, I.W., Blackall, P.J., Adler, B., Pasteurella multocida espresses two lipopolysaccharide glycoforms simultaneously, but only a single form is required for virulence identification of two acceptor-specific heptosyl I transferases. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 3885-3893. 

St. Michael, F., Li, J., Vinogradov, E., Larocque, S., Harper, M., Cox, A.D. Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide of Pasteurella multocida strain VP161 identification of both Kdo-P and Kdo-Kdo species in the lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 340 (2005b) 59-68. 

Yersinia pestis NP 667396 Escherichia coli P04790 — 100 L Enterobacter cloacae AAD161S3 Pasteurella multocida P57936 Haemophilus influenzae AAC22337 ... 

Specific pathogen free rabbits should be used in these experiments to reduce the possibility of respiratory pathogens such as Pasteurella multocida influencing experimental results. 

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