Neisseria meningitidis vaccine

Type B vaccine, the Neisseria meningitidis Type A and C vaccine, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and an acellular typhoid vaccine. 

Fractionation. The process by which components are extracted firm bacterial eells or from the medium in whieh the baeteria are grown and obtained in a purified form. The polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis are separated from the bacterial cells by treatment with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and those of Streptococcus pneumoniae with ethanol. The purity of an extracted material may be improved by resolubilization in a suitable solvent and precipitation. After purification, a component may be dried to a powder, stored indefinitely and, as required, incorporated into a vaccine in precisely weighed amounts at the blending stage. 

Meningococcal vaccines Purified surface polysaccharide antigens of one or more strains of Neisseria meningitidis Active immunization against Neisseria meningitidis (can cause meningitis and septicaemia)... 

The formation of CC bonds to prepare glycoconjugates has also gained some attention. For example, Diels-Alder cycloaddition has allowed the preparation of synthetic glycoproteins [144] and the construction of a synthetic vaccine candidate against Neisseria meningitidis A [145], These methods relied on a pretagging step to create suitable protein reactants. 

Bhattacharjee, A.K., Opal, S.M., Taylor, R., Naso, R., Semenuk, M., Zollinger, W.D., Moran, E.E., Young, L., Hammack, C., Sadoff, J.C., Cross, A.S. A noncovalent complex vaccine prepared with detoxified Escherichia coli J5 (Rc chemotype) lipopolysaccharide and Neisseria meningitidis Group B outer membrane protein produces protective antibodies against gram-negative bacteremia. J Infect Dis 173 (1996) 1157-1163. 

A series of vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae, started at two months of age, has greatly reduced the incidence of that form of meningitis. Vaccines also exist against Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, but these vaccines are only recommended for those people who have particular susceptibility to those organisms, due to certain immune deficiencies, lack of a spleen, or sickle cell anemia. 

In a study of the tolerability and immunogenicity of Hib vaccines, 30 volunteers aged 69-84 years were immunized with either Pedvax-Hib (a conjugate of Hib polysaccharide and an outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis-YR -OMP) or Hib TITER (a conjugate of Hib oligosaccharide and a non-toxic mutant diphtheria toxin, CRM 197-HbOC) (4). The volunteers... 

Richmond P, Goldblatt D, Fusco PC, Fusco JD, Heron I, Clark S, Borrow R, Michon F. Safety and immunogenicity of a new Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in healthy adults. Vaccine 1999 18(7-8) 641-6. 

In 1974 vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis [20] followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [21,22] in 1977 and later Haemophilus influenzae type b [23] were licensed (see Table 1). 

Meningococcal vaccine is an inactivated vaccine composed of capsular polysaccharide fragments of Neisseria meningitidis. There are four polysaccharide serotypes represented in the vaccine A. C. Y, and W-135. The type A polysaccharide consists of a polymer of Af-acctyl-O-mannosaminc phosphate the group C polysaccharide is mostly Af-acctyl-O-ace-tylncuraminic acid. Indications are... 

The meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, is divided into 10 distinct serotypes. Groups B and C are responsible for 80% of the meningitis cases reported, one of the major causes of death in children and adults. These bacteria contain linear polysialic acids. In Group C, the bond between the sialyl residues, partially or non-acetylated, is a-(2->9). This structure, 12.26, is a powerful immunogen the polysaccharide of Group C is an official vaccine. However, there is no response in children less than two years old, perhaps because at this age, a similar polysialyl structure is found in their tissues. 

The three most likely pathogens of bacterial meningitis in the United States are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Hemophilus influenzae, although routine vaccination may cause a change in the epidemiology in the years to come. 

Moe G R, Tan S, Granoff D M (1999). Molecular mimetics of polysaccharide epitopes as vaccine candidates for prevention of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26 209-226. 

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