Epoxy-anhydride polyester resins

Frequent skin contact with paints and coating materials can cause skin disorders, particularly on the hands, in painters and coaters. The lipid-solubilizing properties of the organic solvents may cause or at least promote contact eczema. In particular, paints based on reactive resins (e.g., epoxy and polyester resins) may cause allergic skin disorders. Skin-sensitizing substances include residual monomers and reactive diluents (e.g., acrylates and epoxides) and paint additives (e.g., acid anhydrides. 

For this use, the preferred powders are based on acrylic, epoxy or polyester and epoxy resins. For best colour, epoxy resins are crosslinked with anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids in the straight epoxy coatings, or with saturated polyesters of high acid content in the epoxy-polyester type. Acrylics contain epoxide rings via, for example, glycidyl methacrylate (CH2=C(CH3) —CO—O—CHj—CH —CH2), and these groups crosslink... 

Resins used were two types of epoxy resins cured with anhydride and amine and iso-phthalic type polyester resin. 

Resins used were two types of epoxy resins (EP) and an unsaturated polyester resin (UP) as shown in Figure 1. EP is the bis-phenol-A type resin cured with methyl-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) or 1,8-p-menthandiamine (MDA). UP is the iso-phthalic type resin which has ester bonds in the main chain and is crosslinked by styrene (10). 

Vinyl ester resins arc manufactured through an addition reaction of an epoxy resin with an acrylic monomer, such as acrylic acid, methaciylic add. or the half-ester product of an hydroxyalkyl acrylate and anhydride. In contrast, the polyester resins are condensation products of dibasic acids and palyhydric alcohols. The relatively low-molecular-weight precise polymer structure of the vinyl ester resins is in contrast to the high-molecular-weight random structure of the polyesters. 

Chlorines Chlorinated paraffins Tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate, methyl pentachlorostearate, and other chlorinated phosphates Cycloaliphatic chlorine Chlorendic anhydride LDPE film and flexible PVC Urethane foam and topical fabric Polypropylene and nylon Reactive intermediate in making polyester and epoxy flame-retardant resins Amspec Chemical, Asahi Denka Kogyo, ICC Industries-Dover, Kettlitz Chemie, Lehmann Voss, OxyChem, Polytechs... 

Thermoset plastics have also been pyrolysed with a view to obtain chemicals for recycling into the petrochemical industry. Pyrolysis of a polyester/styrene copolymer resin composite produced a wax which consisted of 96 wt% of phthalic anhydride and an oil composed of 26 wt% styrene. The phthalic anhydride is used as a modifying agent in polyester resin manufacture and can also be used as a cross-linking agent for epoxy resins. Phthalic anhydride is a characteristic early degradation product of unsaturated thermoset polyesters derived from orf/io-phthalic acid [56, 57]. Kaminsky et al. [9] investigated the pyrolysis of polyester at 768°C in a fiuidized-bed reactor and reported 18.1 wt% conversion to benzene. 

Tetrabromophthalic anhydride. Flame retardant in production of unsaturated polyester resins and rigid PU polyols co-hardener for epoxy resins cost efficient additive for latex emulsions derivatives used as flame retardants in diverse applications (wire coating, and wool, etc.). Crystals mp = 279-281 insoluble in H2O. Ethyl Corp. Great Lakes Firm Chem. 

Bromine compounds with exclusively aromatic-bound bromine are produced in large quantities. Occupying the first place is tetrabromobios-phenol-A, which is employed as a reactive flame retardant in polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Similarly, tetrabromophthalic anhydride has been used in the production of flame-retarded unsaturated polyester resins. 

A rig d PVC B polyethylene C polypropylene D polystyrene E poly(methyl methacrylate) F polyester resin G polyester resin with flame retardant H amine-cured epoxy resin with flame retardant H amine-cured epoxy resin I anhydride-cured epoxy resin J resin 1+ 60% o AlgOg K resin 1+ 60% of Al(OH)g L beech-wood M fir-wood. 

The presence of reactive sites such as double bonds, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and phenyl rings in aromatic anhydride and ester linkages all provide tremendous potential for the modification of oil-modified polyester. Epoxy resins are considered to be polyols, which react with the carboxylic functions of polyester resin. The modification of oil-modified polyesters with epoxy resins results in products with excellent adhesion properties and improved water and chemical resistance. Epoxy modified polyesters are less expensive than epoxy resins. 

A short oil polyester resin based on Mesua ferrea L. seed oil was modified by partially butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin (70 30 weight ratio) using an industrial ball mill system to enhance its performance characteristics as a binder for stoving paint. ° The results indicate the suitability of the system, which is comparable to the industrial castor oil based resin system. Phthalic and maleic anhydride-based polyester of the same oil has also been modified by bisphenol-A-based epoxy or melamine-formaldehyde resin at different ratios. The resultant blends showed better performance in respect of the drying time, hardness, flexibility, gloss, pressure test, thermal stability and chemical resistance than the unmodifled polyester. ... 

Radiation curable epoxy functionahsed hyperbranched polyester resin has been synthesised from a hydroxy functional hyperbranched polyether polyol and an epoxy functional fatty acid, vernolic acid. The resin was cationically polymerised in the presence of differing amounts of vernolic acid methyl ester as a reactive diluent. Similarly, Mesua ferrea L. seed oil-based hyperbranched polyesters are prepared using anhydride-based... 

Acceptable bonds have been obtained between polyethylene surfaces with polar adhesives such as epoxies (anhydride- and amine-cured and two-component modified epoxies) and solvent cements containing synthetic rubber or phenolic resin. Other adhesives recommended include styrene-unsaturated polyester and solvent-type nitrile-phenolic. 

Chlorendic anhydride (1,4,5,6,7,7-hexa-chloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicar-boxylic anhydride, HET anhydride, a difunctional acid anhydride) n. HET anhydride is a white, crystalline powder used as a hardening agent and flame retardant in epoxy, alkyd, and polyester resins (See image). 

Phthalic anhydride (phthalic-acid anhydride) n. C6H4(C0)20. a white, odorless, crystalline compound derived by oxidation of naphthalene or o-xylene, shipped in flake or molten form. It major use is in the production of phthalate esters for plasticizing vinyl and cellulosic resins. It is also an important intermediate in the manufacture of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins, and is a curing agent for epoxy resins. Bp, 284°C mp, 130°C Sp gr, 1.53 acid value, 758.0 See image). 

Deanin and Dossi used the propylene oxide-MA reaction to prepare cured polyester resin products in a one-step procedure. In the method explored, the epoxide, MA, phthalic anhydride, styrene, lithium bromide, and benzoyl peroxide were combined, heated to a melt, and cured as castings. The properties of the cured materials were inferior to conventional systems. Others have also studied this concept.A one-step (condensation-addition) polymerization procedure has also been studied as a method for preparing coatings " and laminates with epoxy resins. 

Material used to activate resins to promote hardening. For polyesters, organic peroxides are used primarily. For epoxies, amines and anhydrides are used. 

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