Fabric polypropylene

Chlorines Chlorinated paraffins Tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate, methyl pentachlorostearate, and other chlorinated phosphates Cycloaliphatic chlorine Chlorendic anhydride LDPE film and flexible PVC Urethane foam and topical fabric Polypropylene and nylon Reactive intermediate in making polyester and epoxy flame-retardant resins Amspec Chemical, Asahi Denka Kogyo, ICC Industries-Dover, Kettlitz Chemie, Lehmann Voss, OxyChem, Polytechs... 

Sorbent booms are specialized containment and recovery devices made of porous sorbent material such as woven or fabric polypropylene, which absorbs the oil while it is being contained. Sorbent booms are used when the oil slick is relatively thin, i.e., for the final polishing of an oil spill, to remove small traces of oil or sheen, or as a backup to other booms. Sorbent booms are often placed off a shoreline that is relatively unoiled or freshly cleaned to remove traces of oil that may recontaminate the shoreline. They are not absorbent enough to be used as a primary countermeasure technique for any significant amount of oil. 

Preparation of Maleimide- (M) and Peptide- (or L-Cysteine-) Modified (P) Samples. Twenty silanized titaniiun samples (A) were placed in a self-fabricated polypropylene vessel with 2 mL of acetonitrile (CH3CN) containing 5.0 mM cross-hnkers. After incubation at 20 °C for 30 min, with 30 s of sonication every 10 min, the excess cross-linker solution was removed and the samples were washed extensively with acetonitrile, acetone, and hexane. After they were dried with N2, the samples were subject to the next chemical step. Twenty maleimide-grafted substrates were incubated at 20 for 1 h in... 

Hot-melt extrusion has also been used to fabricate nanocomposites. Liao et al. (2013) employed a hot-melt extrusion fabrication technique to fabricate polypropylene-based nanocomposites. Polypropylene, MWCNTs, and HA nanorods were added to the twin-screw extruder. The nanocomposites were molded into rectangular shapes. The authors have hypothesized the potential of the fabricated nanocomposite for bone implants. 

Polypropylene (PP) Most applications use the isotactic form. Oriented (OPP) and unoriented films are used often for food packaging, sometimes in eombination with vinylidene chloride copolymers. Polypropylene fibers are used for webbing in outdoor furniture, earpets, and both woven and non-woven fabrics. Polypropylene is also an important engineering thermoplastic. 

Polypropylene. Polypropylene (PP) is used ia packagiag appHcations as films and ia rigid containers. Battery cases could be considered another packagiag appHcation. Dead batteries are often collected at the poiat of sale of new batteries. In the U.S., some states have laws mandating this. Lead, acid, and plastics, particularly PP from battery casiags is recovered and recycled (3). Care must be taken to limit worker exposure to lead duting this process (44). PP is also recovered from bale wrap and other PP fabrics used for wrappiag ia the textile iadustry and from other containers (45). 

Physical Properties. Table 1 (2) shows that olefin fibers differ from other synthetic fibers in two important respects (/) olefin fibers have very low moisture absorption and thus excellent stain resistance and almost equal wet and dry properties, and (2) the low density of olefin fibers allows a much lighter weight product at a specified size or coverage. Thus one kilogram of polypropylene fiber can produce a fabric, carpet, etc, with much more fiber per unit area than a kilogram of most other fibers. 

Pulp-like olefin fibers are produced by a high pressure spurting process developed by Hercules Inc. and Solvay, Inc. Polypropylene or polyethylene is dissolved in volatile solvents at high temperature and pressure. After the solution is released, the solvent is volatilised, and the polymer expands into a highly fluffed, pulp-like product. Additives are included to modify the surface characteristics of the pulp. Uses include felted fabrics, substitution in whole or in part for wood pulp in papermaking, and replacement of asbestos in reinforcing appHcations (56). 

Incorporating EVOH as high oxygen barrier with polypropylene is used for packaging tomato catsup, barbecue sauce, mayoimaise, pickle reUsh, and other foods. Bottles fabricated from internal and external layers of polypropylene contain EVOH as the principal high oxygen-barrier material. 

Chemically Resistant Fibers. Fibers with exceUent chemical resistance to corrosive and/or chemical warfare agents or extreme pH conditions (eg, very acidic or very alkaline) were initially used for protective clothing. However, appHcations for filtration of gases and Hquids in numerous industrial faciHties are now the more important. For example, PPS is suitable for use in filter fabrics for coal-fired boilers because of its outstanding chemical and heat resistance to acidic flue gases and its exceUent durabUity under these end use conditions. Many high tenacity fibers are also chemically inert or relatively unaffected under a variety of conditions. Aramids, gel spun polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon, and carbon fibers meet these criteria and have been used or are being considered for appHcations where chemical resistance is important. 

Fabric Composition. The method of fabric manufacture dictates many of the characteristics of the sheet, but intrinsic properties are firmly estabhshed by the base polymer selected. Properties such as fiber density, temperature resistance, chemical and light stabiUty, ease of coloration, surface energies, and others are a function of the base polymer. Thus, because nylon absorbs more moisture than polypropylene, spunbonded fabrics made from nylon are more water absorbent than fabrics of polypropylene. 

The majority of spunbonded fabrics are based on isotactic polypropylene and polyester (Table 1). Small quantities are made from nylon-6,6 and a growing percentage from high density polyethylene. Table 3 illustrates the basic characteristics of fibers made from different base polymers. Although some interest has been seen in the use of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a base polymer, largely because of potential increases in the softness of the final fabric (9), economic factors continue to favor polypropylene (see OlefinPOLYMERS, POLYPROPYLENE). 

Most off-quahty or scrap polypropylene fibers may be repeUetized and blended in small percentages with virgin polymer to produce first-grade spunbonded fabrics. The economics are of great importance in a process where high yields are required in order to be competitive. Some manufacturing equipment direcdy recycles edge-trim back into the extmder where it is blended back into the polymer melt (see Fibers, olefin). 

Polyester. This fiber has several performance advantages versus polypropylene, although it is less economical. Polyester can produce higher tensile strength and modulus fabrics that are dimensionally stable at higher temperatures than polypropylene. This is of importance in selected appHcations such as roofing. Polyester fabrics are easily dyed and printed with conventional equipment which is of extreme importance in apparel and face fabrics although of lesser importance in most spunbonded appHcations (see Fibers, polyester). 

The uses of spunbonded fabrics as coverstock in diapers and other personal absorbent devices will most likely remain unchallenged for the near term. Virtually any other nonwoven production method appears to be at a cost disadvantage opposite spunbonded polypropylene. There have been composite products developed from meltblown and spunbonded combinations, where areas of either improved hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity are desired. These products can be produced on-line at relatively low additional cost and offer high value to diaper manufacturers. Any competitive threat is likely to come from advances in film technology such as large improvements in perforated film used in segments of absorbent product appHcations, particularly sanitary napkins. 

Disposable polypropylene nonwoven fabrics are widely used as the coverstock for disposable baby diapers. The expansion of the disposable diaper market throughout the world has been the primary source of growth in the consumption of polypropylene in the fiber market. In addition, nonwoven polypropylene fabrics are used in a variety of other disposable sanitary products, such as baby wipes, adult incontinence, and feminine hygiene products. Use of polypropylene nonwovens in disposable medical apparel, such as surgical gowns, has increased as a means of reducing the spread of infection. 

Light-Duty Recreational Surfaces. Artificial surfaces intended for incidental recreational use, eg, swimming pool decks, patios, and landscaping, are designed primarily to provide a practical, durable, and attractive surface. Minimum cost is a prime consideration and has driven the quaUty of some such products to a low level. Most surfaces in this category utilize polypropylene ribbon and a tufted fabric constmction (see Olefin polymers, polypropylene). ... 

Foi example, nylon pile fabrics, exhibiting higher moisture regain, have different traction characteristics under wet and dry conditions than do polypropylene-based materials. Effects of artificial turf fabric constmction on shoe traction ate given in Table 2. Especially effective in aiding fabric surface uniformity is texturing of the pile ribbon, a process available for the two principal pile materials nylon and polypropylene. 

Edel Grass knitted nylon-6,6 and tufted polypropylene fabrics Edel Grass Netherlands... 

Omniturf tufted polypropylene sand-fiUed fabrics Southwest Recreational Industries u.s. 

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