Phthalic acid anhydrides

Chemical Designations - Synonyms 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride 1,3-Dioxophthalan PAN Phthalandione Phthalic acid anhydride Chemical Formula CjHjCCOj O. 

Zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn) is prepared from phthalonitrile in solvents with a boiling point higher than 200 C, e.g. quinoline277,278 or 1-bromonaphthalene,137 or without solvent in a melt of phthalonitrile.83,116 The zinc compound normally used is zinc(ll) acetate or zinc powder. The reaction of zinc(II) acetate with phthalic acid anhydride, urea and ammonium mo-lybdate(VI) is also successful.262 The metal insertion into a metal-free phthalocyanine is carried out in an alcohol (e.g.. butan-l-ol).127,141,290 This reaction can be catalyzed by an alkali metal alkoxide.112,129... 

Synonyms AI3-04869 AIDS-189608 AIDS-189615 AIDS-189616 AIDS-189618 AIDS-169619 AIDS-169620 AIDS-169621 Araldite HT 901 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride 2-Benzofuran-l,3-dione BRN 0118515 CCRIS 519 1,3-Dioxophthalan EINECS 201-607-5 ESEN 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran HT 901 Isobenzofuran-l,3-dione 1,3-Iso-benzofurandione NCI-C03601 NSC 10431 PAN Phthalandione 1,3-Phthalandione Phthalic acid anhydride Phthalanhydride RCRA waste number U190 Retarder AK Retarder ESEN Retarder PD Retarder PX Sconoc 7 TGL 6525 UN 2214 Vulcalent B Vulcalent B/C Wiltrol P. 

Phthalic acid anhydride, see Phthalic anhydride Phthalic acid, benzyl butyl ester, see Benzyl butyl phthalate Phthalic acid. bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, see Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate... 

Synonyms Phthalic acid anhydride phthalan-dione 1,3-isobenzofurandione... 

Fawcett IW, Taylor AJN, Pepys J Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents—Epoxy resin systems containing phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride and triethylene tetramine. Clin Allergy 7 1-14, 1977... 

With a carboxylic add anhydride S g of the resin prepared according to a) are melted in a beaker at 120 °C and 1.5 g of phthalic acid anhydride (0.6-0.8 equivalents per equivalent of epoxy groups) are stirred into the melt.The mixture is held at 120 °C for 1 h (after this time the resin is still soluble in acetone or chloroform) and then cured at 170-180 Cfor1-2h. 

Method. In the course of each experiment 148 grams of phthalic acid anhydride were brought to boil under normal pressure with 500 grams of 2-ethyl-hexanol in a 1-liter glass bulb with reflux condenser and a water separator. The... 

Many substances can be partially oxidized by oxygen if selective catalysts are used. In such a way, oxygen can be introduced in hydrocarbons such as olefins and aromatics to synthesize aldehydes (e.g. acrolein and benzaldehyde) and acids (e.g. acrylic acid, phthalic acid anhydride). A selective oxidation can also result in a dehydrogenation (butene - butadiene) or a dealkylation (toluene -> benzene). Other molecules can also be selectively attacked by oxygen. Methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde and ammonia to nitrogen oxides. Olefins and aromatics can be oxidized with oxygen together with ammonia to nitriles (ammoxidation). 

Similarly, phthalic acid anhydride can be reduced to dihydrophthalic acid, if dioxane is present as cosolvent [18] ... 

The resulting bisepoxy compounds are cross-linked cold with polyamines, if necessary with added accelerators. A hot cure can either be accomplished with amines or anhydrides (eg, phthalic acid anhydride). If suitable initiators are present, EP systems can also be cross-linked by radiation. 

Multiply hydroxylaied benzene derivatives react with phthalic acid anhydride and a suitable activator, when heated, in a double C acylation. Evidently, under these conditions, the activating influence of the additional OH groups is important even after the first acyl group has been introduced. The resulting doubly acylated product is a 9,10-anthraquinone. Compounds of this type are important as dyes ... 

Chemische Fabrik von Heyden "Process for the Production of Phthalic Acid Anhydride from o-xylene", 1974. 

Oxidation is extremely important both from a scientific and a practical point of view. Without oxidation life would not exist. In the chemical industry, too, oxidation is probably the most important process. A major example is the combustion of fossil fuels. This process is usually uncatalyzed, but sophisticated catalytic processes do exist. Examples in the inorganic industry are the oxidation of sulphur dioxide and ammonia in the manufacture of sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively. In the petrochemical industry many catalytic synthesis processes are carried out, for example the production of ethylene and propene epoxide, phthalic acid anhydride. An example which has recently also become important is the catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons in flue gases. Table 5.2 gives a list of examples of oxidation catalysis in industry [93]. 

Phthalic acid anhydride reacts readily with alcoholic end groups of PEG. Besides an appropriate chromophore, charges are introduced simultaneously. Single- and double-labeled molecules are formed when two possible alcohohc end groups are available. The separation of derivatives of low molecular weight, such as PEG 1000, is shown in Fig. 14. Here, no sieving matrix was added. The homo-logues of the double labeled derivatives were completely separated [32]. 

Cooke, R. S., Lyon, G. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3840 (1971) here also decarbonylations of five-membered ring anhydrides, like e.g. phthalic acid anhydride (further products C02 and dehydrobenzene) should be mentioned Dunkin, I. R., MacDonald, J. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 23, 4839 (1982) and lit. cit. therein... 

A mixture of phthalic acid anhydride (40 mmol), A, A, 2-trimethylpropane-l,3-diamine (4.6 g, 40 mmol), and a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid in toluene (100 mL) was refluxed using a water separator. After a reaction time of 4 h, the solvent was evaporated. The oily residues were purified by means of column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CH2Cl2 MeOH = 1 1). The obtained oils crystallized after a few hours at room temperature and the product was obtained at 64% yield. 

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