EpiDerm human skin model

EpiDerm human skin model (commercial system) Reconstructed human epidermal Cell viability (MTT-test) B.40/OECDTG431... 

The following in vitro methods based on reconstructed human skin models are validated (by the ECVAM) for predicting skin corrosion— EPISKIN , EpiDerm , Corrositex —and irritation EPISKEM , EpiDerm , PREDISKIN , SIFT [142], Additionally, the SkinEthic was assessed and... 

Marrow-Tech, Inc. (Elmsford, NY) has also developed a human skin model. Marrow-Tech s skin equivalent consists of (1) a dermal layer of fibroblasts and naturally secreted collagen and (2) an epidermal layer of keratinocytes separated by a dermal-epidermal junction. Whereas Testskin uses bovine collagen, Marrow-Tech s skin model consists solely of human tissue. 

Curren RD, Mun GC, Gibson DP, Aardema MJ (2006) Development of a method for assessing micronucleus induction in a 3D human skin model (EpiDerm). Mutat Res 607 192-204... 

Deng, W., Oldach, J., Armento, A., Ayehunie, S., Kandarova, H., Letasiova, S., Klausner, M., Hayden, RJ. (2011) 11-18 secretion as a marker for identification of contact sensitizers in the Epiderm in vitro human skin model. Toxicologist, 120 (Suppl. 12), 550. 

In the area of skin corrosion/irritation, alternative methods for skin corrosion have been validated and accepted for regulatory use in the EU and the OECD Member Countries, so animal testing should not be performed for this endpoint. Nevertheless, the human skin model assays (e.g. EpiDerm and EPISKIN ) and the mouse SIFT appear to be the most promising in vitro methods for skin irritation testing. However, there is a need to develop new endpoints that are more predictive of skin irritation than simply being cytotoxicity determinations. 

The EpiDerm (EPI-200) skin model is mechanistically and functionally related to EPISKIN. The assay consists of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, which have been cultured in a chemically defined medium to produce a stratified, highly diEerentiated, organotypic tissue model of the human epidermis. 

Fig. 15.5. Factor analysis results for the C-H stretching region (2800-3050 cm 1 region) in human skin and in cultured skin model (Epiderm ). Data from human skin (8 x 12 pixels) and cultured skin (7 x 12 pixels) have been concatenated. Pixels marked with x s were excluded from the analysis, a Factor loadings for the methylene stretching region. The dashed vertical line marks 2876 cm-1 and emphasizes the shift in frequency between factors 1 and 2. b Score plots for factor 1 are depicted for human skin in the left set of 8 X 12 pixels and for cultured skin in the right set of 7 x 12 pixels, c Score plots for factor 2 are depicted for human skin in the left set of 8 x 12 pixels and for cultured skin in the right set of 7 x 12 pixels...

In addition to cell lines, artificial human skin has been used to test the effects of SM (Petrali et al, 1993). Human skin equivalent (HSE), commercially available as EpiDerm, is a fiiUy differentiated artificial human skin with both a dermis and an epidermis (Monteiro-Riviere et al, 1997). Full thickness models (EipDerm-FT) have been evaluated for their potential use in SM models as well (Hayden etal, 2005 Paromov etal, 2008). The latter model has been successftilly applied for screening of antioxidant molecules in the treatment of SM injury (Paromov et al, 2008). A lack of knowledge regarding the identity of important biochemical... 

Among the commercially available 3D skin models suitable for conducting such test and providing sufficient cell proliferation is the EpiDerm (MatTeK Corporation, Ashland, MA, USA). The model is constructed from primary neonatal epidermal foreskin-derived keratinocytes. It forms a multilayer differentiated tissue, which contains the dividing basal cell layer along with spinous, granular, and cornified layers resembling the normal human epidermis. DNA repair mechanism, cell cycle control, and checkpoint mechanisms and metabolism are much more similar to the normal conditions in human than those of transformed cell lines. 

Study on the metabolic capability of the test system and investigation of the utility of more complex models, such as full-thickness skin models where normal human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts are cultured to produce highly differentiated tissues extending wall to wall in cell culture inserts, are ongoing [70, 73, 74],... 

Reus AA, Reisinger K, Downs TR, Carr G, Zeller A, Corvi R, Krul CAM Pfiihler S (2013) Comet assay in reconstructed 3D human epidermal skin models—investigation of intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility with coded chemicals. Mutagenesis 28 709-720... 

Bhatti, A.S., Scott, R.C., and Dyer, A., 1988, In vitro percutaneous absorption pig epidermal membrane as a model for human skin, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40(Suppl), 45. 

The development of a blophyslcally based model of chemical absorption via human skin Is described. The simulation has been used to analyze the In vivo penetration kinetics of a broad range of molecular species. Four first-order rate constants are Identified with the percutaneous absorption process k -penetrant diffusion through the stratum corneum k2 transport across the viable epidermal tissue to the cutaneous microcirculation k - a retardation parameter which delays the passage of penetrant from stratum corneum to viable tissue k - the elimination rate constant of chemical from blood to urine. 

Methods for in vitro reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) differentiated human skin were developed during the 1980s (Bell et al., 1981). Cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI), these in vitro reconstracted human epidermal (RhE) tissues display an in vivo-like stratified structure and functional epidermal layers including stratum comeum barrier. RhE may also be cocultured with dermal constructs containing viable fibroblasts (i.e., fuU-thickness models) as well as melanocytes (Fig. 12.1). The ALI culture format allows in vivo-like exposure and wounding scenarios including... 

In general, permeation of test chanicals throngh the RhE models exceeded that of human epidermis and pig skin, but the ranking of substance permeation through the three RhE models and pig skin accurately reflected the permeation through human epidermis. The EpiDerm RhE model provided the best correlation to human epidermal sheets (HES), as demonstrated by Papp values and a correlation coefiBcient of r =0.932. These studies demonstrate that RhE models are useful alternatives to human skin for the in vitro assessment of chemical permeation and penetration. Advantages of the RhE models compared to heat-separated human/animal epidermal sheets are their reproducibility, commercial availability, and xenobiotic metabolism capabilities, which have... 

K. (2015) Development, optimization, and standardization of an in vitro skin irritation test for medical devices using the reconstructed human tissue model epiderm. Toxicologist, 144... 

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