Chemically defined medium

Elores-Cotera, L.B., Martin, R., and Sanchez S., Citrate, a possible precursor of astaxanthin in Phaffia rhodozyma influence of varying levels of ammonium, phosphate and citrate in a chemically defined medium, Appl. Microbiol. BiotechnoL, 55, 341, 2001. 

Fig. 9.1 Chemical structures of non-selective phytotoxins 1-6 and host-selective phytotoxin 7 produced by canola virulent isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytotoxins 1-7 are produced in a chemically defined medium...

L. maculans isolates Laird 2 and Mayfair 2 (virulent on brown mustard but not on canola) produced in a chemically defined medium the host-selective phytotoxin depsilairdin (8) (Fig. 9.2), containing a novel amino acid residue ((25,35,45)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylprolyl) and a sesquiterpene moiety (lairdinol A, synthesized recently [25,26]). Depsilairdin (8) caused disease symptoms similar to those caused by the pathogen on brown mustard, that is, strong necrotic and chlorotic lesions, but no lesions on canola. 

Fig. 9.4 Chemical structures of the selective phytotojdns 11 and 12 produced by mustard virulent isolates of Alternaria brassicicola and A. brassicae, respectively. Phytotoxins 11 and 12 are produced in a chemically defined medium...

The EpiDerm (EPI-200) skin model is mechanistically and functionally related to EPISKIN. The assay consists of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, which have been cultured in a chemically defined medium to produce a stratified, highly diEerentiated, organotypic tissue model of the human epidermis. 

Moran, D. M., Tannenbaum, S. R., and Archer, M. C. (1975). Inhibitor of Clostridium perfringens formed by heating sodium nitrite in a chemically defined medium. Appl. Microbiol. 30, 838-843. 

Herbert et al.(1956) reported that the growth kinetics of Aerobacter cloacae in a chemically defined medium (glycerol as a limiting substrate) could be expressed by Monod kinetics as follows ... 

Physarum phospholipids (PHYLPA), isolated from myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum, is an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase [71]. PHYLPA inhibits the proliferation of human fibroblasts cultured in a chemically defined medium. 

Polyols, namely arabitol and xylitol, have potential chemical, pharmaceutical, and food applications. The latter polyol is currently produced by chemical means, in spite of xylitol bioproduction receiving increased interest (40). Previously it was shown (22) that D. hansenii CCMI 941, under oxygen limitation conditions, coproduces both of arabitol and xylitol in chemically defined medium. In the present work, we evaluated the polyol production by D. hansenii grown on the BSG acid posthydrolysate. 

In natural environments, Mn and Fe oxides often coexist as mixtures, making it important to determine if their trace metal adsorption properties are altered by interactions with each other. To test this hypothesis we measured Pb adsorption to mixtures of biogenic Mn oxide and colloidal Fe oxide. The mixtures were prepared in two ways. First, previously prepared biogenic Mn oxide was mixed in suspension with previously precipitated amorphous Fe(III) oxide. Second, Mn(II) was biologically oxidized in the presence of a previously prepared Fe(III) oxide suspension (Nelson et al., 2002). As above, all adsorption measurements were made in a chemically defined medium (Nelson et al., 1999b). In both cases, observed Pb adsorption by the Fe/Mn oxide mixtures was similar to that predicted using Langmuir... 

Jiranek, V, Langiidge, P. Henschke, P.A. (1995). Amino acid and ammonium utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts from a chemically defined medium. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 46, 75-83. 

Vilanova, M., Ugliano, M., Varela, C., Siebert, T, Pretorius, 1. S., Henschke, P. A. (2007) Assimilable nitrogen utilisation and production of volatile and non-volatile compounds in chemically defined medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 77, 145-157. 

Hajjaj, H., Niederberger, P., and Duboc, P. (2001). Lovastatin biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus in a chemically defined medium. Appl Environ Microb 67 2596-2602. 

Sewage Sludge Strain. The sludge strain PS of M. ruminantium is similar nutritionally to the rumen strain but is less exacting in its requirements and can be grown easily in a chemically defined medium—i.e., the medium shown in Table II but with 3.8 mM (NH4)2S04 added and with rumen fiuid and volatile acids other than acetate deleted. This strain does not require 2-methylbutyric acid, amino acids, or the unidentified factor required by the rumen strain. In fact, it biosynthesizes this growth factor. However, it does require acetate and ammonia. 

Bryant JC (1969) Methylcellulose effect on cell proliferation and glucose utilization in chemically defined medium in large stationary cultures. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 155-179. 

Chemically defined medium A nutritive solution for culturing cells in which each component is specifiable and, ideally, of known chemical structure. 

With a knowledge of their particular requirements, it should be practicable to make for most yeasts a chemically defined medium in which there can be nearly maximal rates of growth. Often, however, faster growth occurs in a medium such as that containing malt extract, yeast extract, and peptone, with D-glucose as the main source of... 

The ability of a yeast to utilize a compound as the sole source of carbon for growth may be tested in a chemically defined medium that lacks any organic compound, except perhaps for certain vitamins. The organic compound to be tested may be added to the medium at a concentration of, for example, 50 mM. Practical aspects of studying the aerobic growth of micro-organisms are summarized in Ref. 130. 

Bourre J, Faivre A, Dumont O, et al. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on fetal mouse brains in culture in a chemically defined medium. J Neurochem 1983 41 1234-1242. 

Fig. 4.3 Schematic of a cell line selection programme for glutamine synthetase (GS) cell lines. High-producing transfectants are identified and expanded through static into suspension culture, and then adapted to chemically defined medium.

Bacon CW. A chemically defined medium for the growth and synthesis of ergot alkaloids by species of Balansia. Mycologia 77(3) 418—423, 1985. 

Weibel, M., Pettman, B., Labourdette, G., Miehe, M., Bock, E. and Sensenbrenner, M. (1985) Morphological and biochemical maturation of rat astroglial cells grown in a chemically defined medium Influence of an astroglial growth factor. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 3 617-630. 

Kushima, Y., Hama, T. and Hatanaka, H. (1992) Interleukin-6 as a neurotrophic factor for promoting the survival of cultured catecholaminergic neurons in a chemically defined medium from fetal and postnatal rat midbrains. Neurosci. Res. 13 267-280. 

Boeck LD, Favret ME, Wetzel RW (1992) Biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotic A10255 in stirred reactors using a chemically defined medium supplemented with continuous nutrient feeds. J Antibiot 45 1278-1285... 

Table VI. Influence of Nitrogen Source on Growth and Production of Aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus in a Chemically Defined Medium...

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