Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Nesnow S, Mass MJ, Ross JA, Galati AJ, Lambert GR, Gennings C, Carter WH, Stoner GD. 1998. Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect 106 1337-1346. 

Perera, F.P., Whyatt, R.M., Jedrychowski, W., Rauh, V., Manchester, D., Santella, R.M., Ottman, R. (1998). Recent developments in molecular epidemiology a study of the effects of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on birth outcomes in Poland. Am. J. Epidemiol. 147 309-14. 

Burchiel, S.W. and Luster, M.I. (2001) Short analytical review signaling by environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human lymphocytes. Clinical Immunology, 98, 2-10. 

Deutsch-Wenzel RP, Brune H, Grimmer G, et al. 1983. Experimental studies in rat lungs on the carcinogenicity and dose-response relationships of eight frequently occurring environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Natl Cancer Inst 71 539-544. 

Another type of study, entitled "Monitoring analytical requirements for environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" (Prof. Grimmer, 1978) was undertaken, but has not yet lead to any legislative action. 

Chen, S.C. Liao, C.M. 2006. Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources [J]. Science of the Total Environment 366 112-123. 

Kummer, V. Maskova, J. Zraly, Z. Neca, J. Simeckova, P. Vondracek, J. Machala, M. 2008. Estrogenic activity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in uterus of immature Wistar rats. Toxicology Letters, v.l80, p.212-221. 

Arcaro, K. F., O Keefe, P. W., Yang, Y., Clayton, W. Gierthy, J. F. (1999). Antiestrogenicity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human breast cancer cells. Toxicology, 133, 115-127. 

Cytochrome P450-dependent toxicity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons towards human macrophages. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 317, 708-716. 

The environmental occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is mainly associated with dispersion of oil products and with various types of combustion. For these chemicals a kind of pre-industrial background exists, due to forest fires or to domestic wood burning. The sediments of the deepest strata were certainly deposited in the nineteenth century, when no significant industrial activities had been initiated. The ratio between PAH concentrations found in the sediments dated to this century, and the deepest ones, vary from 1.7 to 30, increasing from the beginning of the... 

Mix MC. 1984. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment Occurrence and biological monitoring. In Hodgson E,ed. Reviews in environmental toxicology I. New York, NY Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 51-102. 

The next eight chapters will be devoted to the ecotoxicology of groups of compounds that have caused concern on account of their real or perceived environmental effects and have been studied both in the laboratory and in the field. These are predominantly compounds produced by humans. However, a few of them, for example, methyl mercury, methyl arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are also naturally occurring. In this latter case, there can be difficulty in distinguishing between human and natural sources of harmful chemicals. 

The largest releases of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are due to the incomplete combustion of organic compounds during the course of industrial processes and other human activities. Important sources include the combustion of coal, crude oil, and natural gas for both industrial and domestic purposes, the use of such materials in industrial processes (e.g., the smelting of iron ore), the operation of the internal combustion engine, and the combustion of refuse (see Environmental Health Criteria 202, 1998). The release of crude oil into the sea by the offshore oil industry and the wreckage of oil tankers are important sources of PAH in certain areas. Forest hres, which may or may not be the consequence of human activity, are a signihcant... 

Environmental Health Criteria 202 (1998). Non-heterocycUc polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Geneva WHO. 

Monteiro, P.R.R., Reis-Henriques, M.A., and Coimbra, J. (2000a). Plasma steroid levels in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) after chronic dietary exposure to single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Marine Environmental Research 49, 453 67. 

Lloyd-Jones G, PCK Lau (1997) Glutathione 5-transferase-encoding gene as a potential probe for environmental bacterial isolates capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 3286-3290. 

A wide variety of xenobiotics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or dioxins, are analyzed in human body fluids for the investigation of environmental and occupational exposure. 

CRMs for Contaminants in Environmental Matrices For nearly two decades NIST has been involved in the development of SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in natural environmental matrices such as fossil fuels (Hertz et al.1980 Kline et al. 1985), air and diesel particulate material (May and Wise 1984 Wise et al. 2000), coal tar (Wise et al. 1988a), sediment (Schantz et al. 1990, 1995a Wise et al. 1995), mussel tissue (Wise et al. 1991 Schantz et al. 1997a), fish oil, and whale blubber (Schantz et al. 1995b). Several papers have reviewed and summarized the development of these environmental matrix SRMs (Wise et al. 1988b Wise 1993 Wise and Schantz 1997 Wise et al. 2000). Seventeen natural matrix SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants are currently available from NIST with certified and reference concentrations primarily for PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) see Table 3.11. 

Jacob J, and Grimmer G (1994) Extractability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental matrices. Quimica Analitica 13 (Suppl.i) ii9-i23. 

Wise SA, Deissler A, and Sander LC (1993b) Liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers of molecular weight 278 and 302 in environmental reference materials. Polycyclic Aromat Compd 3 169-184. 

Ma J, Horii Y, Cheng J, Wang W, Wu Q, Ohura T, Kannan K (2009) Chlorinated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples from an electronic waste recycling facility and a chemical industrial complex in China. Environ Sci Technol 43(3) 643-649. doi 10.1021/es802878w... 

Jacinto, M.J., Santos, O., Landers, R., Kiyohara, P.K. and Rossi, L.M. (2009) On the catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into less toxic compounds by a facile recoverable catalyst. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 90 (3-4), 688-692. 

Pickard, M. A. Roman, R. Tinoco, R., and Vazquez-Duhalt, R., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by white rot fungi and oxidation by Coriolopsis gallica UAMH 8260 laccase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999. 65(9) pp. 3805-3809. 

Biopract provides technological products and processes for industry, agriculture, and environment. They not only produce technical enzyme preparations but also develop enzymes for applications in agriculture, food, and textile industry as well as in environmental technologies. On the later, bioremediation has been an area of service delivery from Biopract. Their activities regards microbial preparations for the bioremediation of organic contaminants (mineral oil (MKW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widespread environmental contaminants and one of the most potent classes of carcinogenic chemicals. They are byproducts of combustion, and significant levels are produced in automobile exhaust, refuse burning, smoke stack effluents, and tobacco smoke. It is strongly suspected that PAH may play an important role in human cancer. 

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