Activity estrogenic

Another structural type is chromenes. Centchroman [31477-60-8]is a pyrrolidinoethoxyplienyl chromane which is a potent antiestrogen with weak estrogenic activity. In India, it is used as a weekly contraceptive pih based on its reported abiUty to inhibit the uterine preparation for the attachment of the fertilized ova to the wall of the utems (see Contraceptives) (31). 

Many stilbenelike thiophene compounds have been prepared for a study of estrogenic activity, especially by Buu-Hoi et al. Thiophene derivatives of nonhydroxylated stilbene types showed no significant activitywhereas weak estrogenic activity was found in 5-acetyl-, 5-propionyl-, and 5-benzoyl-2-(-stilbenyl)thiophene. 1-Bromo-l,2-diphenyl-2-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)ethylene (258) was found to inhibit body growth and to produce extensive testicular atropy in male rats. A thiophene analog of estrogenic isoflavones (259)... 

The great variety of structures that have by now been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity leads to the suspicion that the estrogen receptor may be unusually nonspecific compared to receptors for other steroid hormones. 

Estrogenic activity. Ability to mimic the female hormone by promoting the development of female secondary sex characteristics and modulating the estrus cycle. 

Cells from tissues associated with primary and secondary sexual characteristics are under particular endocrine control. Sex hormones determinethe growth, differentiation, and proliferation of such cells. When a tumor develops in such tissues, it is sometimes hormone dependent and the use of anti hormones removes the impetus for the tumor s headlong growth. Many nonsteroidal compounds have estrogenic activity diethylstilbest-jrol (81) may be taken as an example. Certain more bulky an-... 

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has estrogenic activity even though it is structurally unrelated to steroids. Once used as an additive in animal feed, DES has been implicated as a causative agent in several types of cancer. Show how DES can be drawn so that it is sterically similar to estradiol. 

Mayr U, Butsch A and Schneider S. 1992. Validation of two in vitro test systems for estrogenic activities with zearalenone, phytoestrogens and cereal extracts. Toxicology 74 135-149. 

Gaido K, Dohme L, Wang F, et al. 1998. Comparative estrogenic activity of wine extracts and organochlorine pesticide residues in food. Environ Health Perspect 106(6) 1347-1351. 

Ramamoorthy K, Wang F, Chen I-C, et al. 1997. Estrogenic activity of a dieldrin/toxaphene mixture in the mouse uterus, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and yeast-based estrogen receptor assays No apparent synergism. Endocrinology 138(4) 1520-1527. 

The yeast reporter gene assays not only assess for the interaction of the chemical with the hormone receptor, but also the ability of that receptor-chemical ligand interaction to activate the hormone DNA response element. It should be realized, however, that most of these systems have been developed with human and mammalian hormone receptors and differences in ligand potencies can occur between different animal species. A comprehensive review of in vitro assays for measuring estrogenic activity, and some of the issues of comparability, is provided by Zacharewski (1997). 

Donohoe, R.M. and Curtis, L.R. (1996). Estrogenic activity of chlordecone, o,p -DDT and o,p -DDE in juvenile rainbow trout Induction of vitellogenesis and interaction with hepatic estrogen binding sites. Aquatic Toxicology 36, 31-52. 

Eroschenko, V.P. (1981). Estrogenic activity of the insecticide chlordecone in the reproductive-tract of birds and mammals. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8, 731-742. 

Harries, J.E., Sheahan, D.A., and Jobling, S. et al. (1996). A survey of estrogenic activity in United Kingdom inland waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 1993-2002. 

Routledge, E.J. and Sumpter, J.P. (1996). Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 241-248. 

Sheahan, D.A., Brighty, G.C., Daniel, M., and Kirby, S.J. et al. (2002). Estrogenic activity measured in a sewage treatment works treating industrial inputs containing high concentrations of alkylphenohc compounds—a case study. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21, 507-514. 

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