Environmental impact research

Community Update. (2002, Fall). WorldTrade Center Environmental impact research. Rochester, NY Community Outreach and Education Programs, University of Rochester Environmental Health Sciences Center. 

While hexane is widely accepted as the most effective solvent used today, there are concerns about its flammability, exposure, and environmental impacts. Research has focused on various alternative solvents in the hopes of finding one with acceptable performance while providing greater safety. Alternative solvents that have received some attention include isopropyl alcohol, supercritical carbon dioxide, and other fluids. However, no economical alternative to n-hexane has been accepted at this point, and the best available control technology emphasizes containment and limiting fugitive hexane emissions. 

Ohkubo, S., Yamazaki, T (2(X)3). Summary of environmental impact research on marine ecosystem for deep-sea mining Conducted by Metal Mining Agency of Japan. Proceedings, 5th ISOPE ocean mining symposium, Tsukuba, 200-207. 

Thiel, H., Forschungsverbund Tiefsee-Umweltsschutz. (1995). The German environmental impact research for manganese nodule mining in the SE Pacific Ocean. Proceedings, 1st ISOPE ocean mining symposium, Tsukuba, 39-45. 

The Courtaulds Tencel Process. The increasing costs of reducing the environmental impact of the viscose process coupled with the increasing likelihood that the newer cellulose solvents would be capable of yielding a commercially viable fiber process led Courtaulds Research to embark on a systematic search for a new fiber process in the late 1970s. 

The ECO method was developed to aid environmental impact and cost optimisation of chemical synthesis pathways or processes suitable for the research and development (R D) stage. In order to represent terms of ecological as well as economic sustainability, three objective functions which incorporate (i) energy demand (EF), (ii) risks concerning human health and the environment (EHF) and (iii) costs (CE), were defined. Their calculation follows the life cycle approach and is based on the data available already in R D. Because the application of a comprehensive LCA is both, too complex and based on data which are partially not available at the R D stage, the determination of the three objective functions is based on the SLCA approach extended by economic issues. The key objectives are introduced below. 

Thermodynamic principles can be used to assess, design and improve energy and other systems, and to better understand environmental impact and sustainability issues. For the broadest understanding, all thermodynamic principles must be used, not just those pertaining to energy. Thus, many researchers feel that an understanding and appreciation of exergy is essential to discussions of sustainable development. 

Cost of the sorbent material it is an important factor in the selection of the sorbent material. Materials that exhibit excellent adsorption attributes, and are readily available at low cost, are considered the main targets for researchers working in the field of C02 capture. Besides, the environmental impact of synthesizing these materials is considered one of the greatest challenges to overcome. 

Pihkola H, Nors M, Kujanpaa, Helin T, Kariniemi M, Pajula T, Dahlbo H, Koskela S (2010) Carbon footprint and environmental impacts of print products from cradle to grave. Results from the LEADER project (Part 1). Espoo 2010. Vtt Tiedotteita - Research Notes 2560... 

Downey MO, Dokoozlian NK and Krstic MP. 2006. Cultural practice and environmental impacts on the flavonoid composition of grapes and wine a review of recent research. Am J Enol ViUc 57 257— 268. 

Certainly a wise solution to contrast such a flood of absurdities is to invest in multidisciplinary research and intense demonstration, and parallel activities of capacity building with the active participation of the stakeholders. When convinced producers become the sentinels of environmental quality obvious and durable advantages on the ground of social and environmental impacts will be achieved. 

The factors are discussed which lead to the formation of environmental regulations in the United States, following the growing realisation over the last 150 years of the environmental impact of the new chemicals which were being developed. Initiatives for new regulations often come from the public, and their concerns at the time, particularly in relation to pollution prevention, air quality, and the protection of children s health. Current environmental regulations are discussed along with their impact on industrial research and development. Future trends are forecast to be related to air quality, children s health, and pollution prevention. 11 refs. 

The U.S. Bureau of Mines-Spokane Research Center is conducting research on the environmental impacts of placing mine wastes underground as backfill. This work includes a review of residual cyanide in placed landfill, water quality monitorings at two mines and laboratory tests of cyanide fate in underground environments and permeability/leachate effects through cemented tailings. 

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