Cost optimisation

The ECO method was developed to aid environmental impact and cost optimisation of chemical synthesis pathways or processes suitable for the research and development (R D) stage. In order to represent terms of ecological as well as economic sustainability, three objective functions which incorporate (i) energy demand (EF), (ii) risks concerning human health and the environment (EHF) and (iii) costs (CE), were defined. Their calculation follows the life cycle approach and is based on the data available already in R D. Because the application of a comprehensive LCA is both, too complex and based on data which are partially not available at the R D stage, the determination of the three objective functions is based on the SLCA approach extended by economic issues. The key objectives are introduced below. 

R. K. Pati, P. Vart, and P. Kumar, Cost Optimisation Model in Recycled Waste Reverse Logistics System, International Journal of Business Performance Management, 3-4(6), 245-261 (2004). 

As mentioned, because the energy targets increase linearly with AT , the cost of utilities follows the same trend. On the contrary, the capital cost decreases non-linearly with zir i . Note that the cost function exhibits a jump when the number of units changes. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that reduction in the number of units is by far more important for overall costs optimisation than the incremental reduction of heat transfer area. 

Geotechnical projects Optimal engineering hazard and environmental impact mitigation, service life predictions, cost optimisation... 

As has been discussed in the chapter dealing with solvent power, volatility and viscosity, there are various theoretical concepts which can either be used when designing a new solvent system or when reformulating or cost optimising an existing solvent blend. However, the majority of the solvent formulators has an interest in a combination of these techniques rather than in any single one. But this is time consuming and cumber-... 

Cost optimisation Within a number of constraints solvent blends can be cost optimised. The following constraints can be applied solubility parameters, viscosity, evaporation time, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent content, low/high volatile true solvent content. 

An example of the calculation of the properties of an existing blend using the Nelson-Hemwall-Edwards solubility parameter concept and the results of a consequent cost optimisation exercise with 14 different solvents and with constraints (set limits) as obtained from the starting point blend are given in Tables 3.7 and 3.8. 

Target reliability levels based on cost optimisation, taking into account economic and societal consequences of failure. 

Ghosh, P.C. (2003) Cost optimisation of a self-sufficient hydrogen based energy supply system. PhD thesis, Aachen University. Berichte des Forschungszentmms Jiilich 4049. 

The Kroll Betterton process is relatively expensive due to the cost of calcium and magnesium and the fact that they cannot be recovered. There is some flexibility in the relative amounts of calcium and magnesium used, providing some opportunity for cost optimisation. 

This article relates to the current issues of the offshore wind O M cost optimisation considering the influence of varying fleet sizes and CTV characteristics. A model was introduced with the objective of identifying the most cost effective CTV and the optimum fleet which brings economic and operational benefits. In order to assess the accuracy of the proposed model and to generate realistic results, the model was applied to a case study wind farm. 

There was considered to be scope to amend the computational modelling system to be able to predict the results of surveys based on stagnation sampling, including sequential sampling. Once validated, the modelling system could then be used in the low-cost optimisation of plumbosolvency control for drinking water systems in Canada and the US. 

A global logistics information system is the prerequisite for enabling the achievement of local service needs whilst seeking global cost optimisation. 

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