Cellulose solvents for

CH3CH(0H)C(0)0Et. A colourless liquid with a pleasant odour, b.p. 154 C. Manufactured by distilling a mixture of ( )-lactic acid, ethanol and benzene in the presence of a little sulphuric or benzenesulphonic acid. It is a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate and also for various resins. Used as a lacquer solvent. 

Glycerol ct-dichlorohydrin, sym-dichloroiso-propyl alcohol, 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, CH2CI-CHOH-CH2C1. Colourless liquid with an ethereal odour b.p. 174-175" C. Prepared by passing dry HCl into glycerin containing 2% elhanoic acid at 100-1 lO C. Converted to x-epichlorohydrin by K.OH, Used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and resins. 

CH3COCH2CH1COCH3. Colourless liquid which becomes yellow on standing b.p. I9PC. Obtained by boiling 2,5-dimethylfuran with dilute sulphuric acid. It readily condenses with a variety of substances to give derivatives of furan, thiophen and pyrrole, and is a solvent for cellulose acetate. 

C5H10O2, CHjCOOPr. Colourless liquid with a fragrant odour b.p. 88 C. Manufactured by leading propene into hot ethanoic acid containing sulphuric acid, or by heating isopropyl alcohol with ethanoic and sulphuric acids. Used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and various gums. 

McjC = CHCOCH3. Colourless liquid b.p. 129"C, with a strong peppermint-like odour. Prepared by distilling diacetone alcohol in the presence of a trace of iodine. Converted to phorone by heating in propanone with dehydrating agents such as sulphuric acid. It is a solvent For cellulose acetate and ethyl-cellulose and other polymers. 

Me2C = CHCOCH= CMca- Yellow liquid having a camphor-like odour m.p. 28 C, b.p. 198-5°C. It is formed when propanone is saturated with HCl and allowed to stand. Resembles camphor in many of its properties and is a solvent for cellulose nitrate. Used to prepare diisobutyl ketone (reduction). 

Schweizer s reagent The dark blue solution obtained by dissolving Cu(OH)2 in concentrated ammonia solution. Used as a solvent for cellulose, the cellulose is precipitated on acidification. Used in the cuprammonium process for the manufacture of rayon. 

Almost all of the cyclohexane that is produced in concentrated form is used as a raw material in the first step of nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 manufacture. Cyclohexane also is an excellent solvent for cellulose ethers, resins, waxes (qv), fats, oils, bitumen, and mbber (see Cellulose ethers Resins, natural Fats AND FATTY OILS Rubber, NATURAL). When used as a solvent, it usually is in admixture with other hydrocarbons. However, a small amount is used as a reaction diluent in polymer processes. 

Pentachloroethane is a good solvent for cellulose acetate, certain cellulose ethers, and for natural gums and resins, but its high toxicity has discouraged these uses. Pentachloroethane is still used as an intermediate in some tetrachloroethylene processes. 

Because of these influences cellulose acetate can be dissolved in a variety of media, although a liquid suitable as a solvent for cellulose acetate with a degree of substitution of two would be unlikely to be a solvent for acetates with degrees of substitution of either one or three. 

Methylene chloride has a wide variety of markets. One major use is a paint remover. It is also used as a degreasing solvent, a blowing agent for polyurethane foams, and a solvent for cellulose acetate. 

About 50% of isopropanol use is to produce acetone. Other important synthetic uses are to produce esters of many acids, such as acetic (isopropyl acetate, solvent for cellulose nitrate), myristic, and oleic acids (used in lipsticks and lubricants). Isopropylpalmitate is used as an emulsifier for cosmetic materials. Isopropyl alcohol is a solvent for alkaloids, essential oils, and cellulose derivatives. 

Most of the nitrobenzene (=97%) produced is used to make aniline. Other uses include synthesis of quinoline, benzidine, and as a solvent for cellulose ethers. 

Nitro (—NO2) Solvents for cellulose esters, resins, Cause toxic narcosis, liver... 

Tetrachloroethane (TeCA) was the first chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent produced in large quantities before World War I [371]. It was used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, fat, waxes, greases, rubber, and sulfur. In a few cases, TeCA is used as a carrier or reaction solvent in manufacturing processes for other chemicals and as an analytical reagent for polymers [371]. TeCA was largely replaced by less toxic solvents after 1945. TeCA release in the United States varied from 44,000 pounds in 1988 to 66,000 pounds in 1991 [372]. 

DEG and TEG are used as solvents for cellulose acetate derivatives and dyestuffs and as drying agents for refinery gases. 

Uses Manufacture of nylon solvent for cellulose ethers, fats, oils, waxes, resins, bitumens, crude rubber paint and varnish removers extracting essential oils glass substitutes solid fuels fungicides gasoline and coal tar component organic synthesis. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, crude rubber, natural resins, nitrocellulose, vinyl resins, waxes, fats, oils, shellac, rubber, DDT, and other pesticides preparation of adipic acid and caprolactum additive in wood stains, paint, PVC paints, lacquers (to prevent blushing or improve flow), and varnish removers degreasing of metals spot remover lube oil additive in PVC adhesives to control evaporation rate leveling agent in dyeing and delustering silk. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose ethers and paints azeotropic distillation agent motor fuel extractions of fats and wax shoe industry organic synthesis. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose manufacturing insecticides, ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol treating sweet potatoes before planting organic synthesis (introduction of the hydroxyethyl group). 

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