Dependent general

Analytic teclmiques often use a time-dependent generalization of Landau-Ginzburg ffee-energy fiinctionals. The different universal dynamic behaviours have been classified by Hohenberg and Halperin [94]. In the simple example of a binary fluid (model B) the concentration difference can be used as an order parameter m.. A gradient in the local chemical potential p(r) = 8F/ m(r) gives rise to a current j... 

To what extent are these or other equations, which were suggested for the description of thet versus cp dependence general or universal ... 

The extent to which fragmentation takes places for each dissociation pathway of the additives depends on the excess of internal energy imparted to the molecular ion. Because the experimental conditions for product-ion mass spectra are strongly instrument dependent, generally not very well standardised and difficult to exchange between instruments from different... 

The algorithm used in the normal form transformation is not discussed here in detail. It is described in Refs. 34 and 35. A time-dependent generalization of this normal form procedure is presented in Section IVB. 

The control parameter in an STM, the current in the tunneling junction, is always due to the same physical process. An electron in one lead of the junction has a nonvanishing probability to pass the potential barrier between the two sides and to tunnel into the other lead. However, this process is highly influenced by (i) the distance between the leads, (ii) the chemical composition of the surface and tip, (iii) the electronic structure of both the systems, (iv) the chemical interactions between the surface and the tip atoms, (v) the electrostatic interactions of the sample and tip. The main problem, from a theoretical point of view, is that the order of importance of all these effects depends generally on the distance and therefore on the tunneling conditions [5-8]. 

Over 300 peptides isolated in our laboratory were studied in one or more tumor or normal cell cultures [39-44]. Part of the results obtained is summarized in Table 2.3. Over 75% of the peptides showed pronounced proliferative or antiproliferative activity in at least one cell type (Fig. 2.3). As a rule, tumor cells are more sensitive to peptide action. Besides the cell type, experimental conditions such as cell density or composition of the culture medium also affected the overall effect. In several cases (13%, Fig. 2.3) even the sign of the effect was peptide concentration dependent. Generally, experiments with cell cultures conform with the view that the main physiological function of cell and tissue peptidomes is control of long term processes and the homeostatic balance (i.e. cell differentiation, proliferation and elimination). The overall effect of peptide pools is achieved by concerted action of total sets of peptides rather than by single components. The molecular mechanisms of peptide action in cells requires concrete study in each individual case and are the subject of current research. 

We dedicate the article to the memory of I. Prigogine. This project has been supported in part by the CEEX GRANT-2006 BIOMAT of the Romanian Government and by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank G. Zbaganu for useful suggestions concerning the simplified derivation of the space-dependent generalized Fisher theorem. 

In any discussion of solubility, it is important to remember solubility is temperature dependent. Generally, the solubility of solids in liquids increases with temperature. The variation of solubility in water varies greatly for different solutes. Figure 11.2 demonstrates that the solubility may increase... 

The idea of the effective mass of an electron is known not to be strict in particular, the definition of the effective mass depends, generally speaking, on the physical phenomenon under consideration. For instance, when one analyses electron motion in a periodic crystal, the effective mass is usually determined as [13]... 

Colours of coloured glass depend generally upon the metallic oxide. Some metallic oxide may give different colours or different metallic oxides can give the same colour depending upon the glass mixture. ... 

The choice of solvent has had little, if any, influence on the majority of Diels-Alder reactions.210,211 Although the addition of a Lewis acid might be expected to show more solvent dependence, generally there appears to be little effect on asymmetric induction.118129 However, a dramatic effect of solvent polarity has been observed for chiral metallocene triflate complexes.212 The use of polar solvents, such as nitromethane and nitropropane, leads to a significant improvement in the catalytic properties of a copper Lewis acid complex in the hetero Diels-Alder reaction of glyoxylate esters with dienes.213... 

Let us note, that the matrixes A and G are approximations of the real situation though, in any case, the zeroth eigenvalues of the matrixes must be zero and equation (4.1) for diffusive mode is valid, the other eigenvalues of matrix G depends, generally speaking, on the mode label. In fact, the written equations for the relaxation modes are implementation of the statements that the motion of a single macromolecule can be separated from others, and the motion of a single macromolecule can be expanded into an independent motion of modes. 

Nous avons deja mentionne au Chap. Ill que la variation isobare de cette mobility depend generalement de deux parametres independants, tout au moins dans le domaine du liquide surfondu, limits vers les basses temperatures par T . 

Fig. 22. Effects of d-amphetamine, cocaine and methylphenidate on drug discrimination in rats trained to discriminate 0.6 mg/kg i.p. d-amphetamine from saline. Note the dose-dependent generalization of lower doses of amphetamine towards responding on the lever associated with the training dose of amphetamine, with similar generalization curves for cocaine and methylphenidate.

Frequency-dependent properties are in fact usually defined by a time-dependent generalization of this equation. For example, when a periodic homogeneous electric field is applied, then the time development of defines the frequency-dependent properties. In the limit of a time-independent field the same equation then serves as a definition of frequency-independent properties. 

The solution of Eq. (8.1) permits to establish the dependence of the copolymer composition X prepared in CSTR on conversion p and xm. This dependence, generally speaking differs from calculated for the batch reactor through Eqs. (5.2) and (5.7). This difference would be largest in the range of middle conversions, since in the vicinity of extreme values p = Oandp = 1, the copolymer compositions (which are equal to m(xin) and xin, respectively) are the same for both reactors. It is of a certain interest that if xin = x, when the monomer feed composition at the reactor input is azeotropic (see Sect. 4.5), the copolymer composition X = x ... 

It should be noted again that the numerical coefficient above has units of mole. According to this equation, the gas viscosity coefficient should be independent of pressure and should increase with the square root of the absolute temperature. The viscosities of gases are in fact found to be substantially independent of pressure over a wide range. The temperature dependence generally differs to some extent from because the effective molecular diameter is dependent on how hard the molecules collide and therefore depends somewhat on temperature. Deviation from hard-sphere behavior in the case of air (diatomic molecules, N2 and O2) is demonstrated by Eq. (4-19). 

Even though a calorimeter may be well insulated, but it does lose or gain heat during measurement. The success of experiment depends generally on the ability to accurately estimate this loss or gain and applying correction for it. 

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