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Electrochemical Characterizations

Electrochemical stability of materials is the basis of safe behavior of a cell and any cell assemblies (batteries). Cyclic voltammetry can be used to evaluate the electrochemical stability window of materials. Thermodynamic stability of materials in intimate contact within the cell is desired but not always realized in high-voltage cells. Kinetic stability can be sufficient to design a working electrochemical cell. An example is the Li-oxyhalide catholyte primary battery in which a passivation layer forms on the lithium anode surfaces in the presence of neutral oxyhalide catholyte, and this layer provides separation between the two reactive electrode materials. An initially formed reaction layer of LiCl crystals protects the lithium metal from continued contact and further reaction. In acid catholytes, the passivation layer is dissolved immediately, producing heat that may cause a rapid increase in temperature. The same passivation layer in neutral solutions may result in deep reversals of the battery cell under rapid discharges (see Section 27.3.3). [Pg.907]

In the study described in this review article, electrochemical experiments were hmited to open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, cychc voltammetry (CV), and potential-dependent dissolution. [Pg.7]

Ecathode, 11 alloy electtodc that yields an OCP closest to the thermodynamic value would be the best choice. [Pg.8]

All electrochemical experiments were carried out with a commercial potentiostat (EG G PARC 273) controlled by a personal computer. [Pg.8]

Figiffe 4. Schematic diagram of an integrated LEED-TPD-XPS-LEISS-EC apparatus. [Pg.9]

Details on the surfaee analytieal methods ean be found elsewhere and will not be repeated here. It will simply be noted that, for LEISS, the baekseattered ions are energy-analyzed by a coneentrie hemispherieal analyzer (PHI, SCA 10-360), the same unit employed for XPS. [Pg.9]

The electrochemistry of [Ru(edta)], [Ru(NH3)5] and [Fe(CN)5] derivatives (33, 34, 39) has been performed exclusively in aqueous solution (-1 to -i- 1 V range), including the M(III/II) process of the peripheral complexes, as well as the Fe(III/II)P, Co(III/II)P and Mn(III/II)P processes. The potential of the [Ru / (edta)(pyP)l process in Fe-34 and Co-34 differs by 30 mV, reflecting the change in the redox state of the central metal ion, i.e., the peripheral sites are reduced before the iron porphyrin center in the Fe(III)P derivative while Co(II)P is formed before the reduction of those sites . The same effect was expected for the [Ru(NH3)s] derivatives (Table 6.3), but the corresponding Co(III/II)P wave has not been observed by The [Fe° / (CN)5pyP] po- [Pg.272]

5 M or in Nafion film, 0.5 M HCIO4 + 0.5 M NH4PF6 aqueous solution . [Pg.273]

The replacement of bpy by phen in the peripheral complexes does not seem to influence significantly the Ru(III/II) process , however, in the case of 5-Clphen that wave is shifted to 1.0 Although those changes were not expected to modify the porphyrin ring localized processes, the reduetion potentials were significantly shifted, as shown in Table 6.4. Analogously, the substitution of [Pg.274]

1 MTEACIO4 CH3CN solution, c = cathodic peak a = anodic peak Co / TCP [Pg.276]

Changes in the oxidation state at the metaiioporphyrin center can modify the absorption spectra of the peripheral complexes and vice versa, as shown in the spectroelectrochemical behavior of CoTCP. Significant shifts of the redox poten-tiais can be observed, also. For example, the ring oxidation of the Co P species was shifted to potentials above 2.0 V (generally found at 1.5 V), as a consequence of the four electron withdrawing species bond to the peripherai pyridyl [Pg.278]


Richarz F, Wohimann B, Vogel U, Floffschulz FI and Wandelt K 1995 Surface and electrochemical characterization of PtRu alloys Surf. Scl. 335 361-71... [Pg.2758]

Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Characterization of Chemical Systems. In Kuwana, T. E., ed.. Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis, Vol. 3. Academic Press New York, 1983, pp.137-248. [Pg.540]

Tanahashi, 1., Yoshida, A. and Nishino, A., Electrochemical characterization of activated carbon fiber cloth polarizable electrodes for electric double layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, 137(10), 3052 3056. [Pg.118]

The syntheses and spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of the rhodium and iridium porphyrin complexes (Por)IVI(R) and (Por)M(R)(L) have been summarized in three review articles.The classical syntheses involve Rh(Por)X with RLi or RMgBr, and [Rh(Por) with RX. In addition, reactions of the rhodium and iridium dimers have led to a wide variety of rhodium a-bonded complexes. For example, Rh(OEP)]2 reacts with benzyl bromide to give benzyl rhodium complexes, and with monosubstituted alkenes and alkynes to give a-alkyl and fT-vinyl products, respectively. More recent synthetic methods are summarized below. Although the development of iridium porphyrin chemistry has lagged behind that of rhodium, there have been few surprises and reactions of [IrfPorih and lr(Por)H parallel those of the rhodium congeners quite closely.Selected structural data for rr-bonded rhodium and iridium porphyrin complexes are collected in Table VI, and several examples are shown in Fig. 7. ... [Pg.295]

Loglio F, Innocent M, Pezzatini G, Foresti ML (2004) Ternary cadmium and zinc sulfides and selenides electrodeposition by ECALE and electrochemical characterization. J Electroanal Chem 562 117-125... [Pg.200]

Gochi-Ponce Y, Alonso-Nunez G, Alonso-Vante N (2006) Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of a novel platinum chalcogenide electrocatalyst with an enhanced tolerance to methanol in the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochem Commun 8 1487-1491... [Pg.344]

Christenn C, Steinhilber G, Schulze M, Friedrich KA (2007) Physical and electrochemical characterization of catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. J Appl Electrochem 37 1463-1474... [Pg.344]

Protsailo, L.V., Fawcett, W.R., Russell, D. and Meyer, R.L. (2002) Electrochemical Characterization of the Alkaneselenol-Based SAMs on Au(lll) Single Crystal Electrode. Langmuir, 18, 9342-9349. [Pg.355]

On the way to more reliability in device fabrication, Kronholz et al. reported on the reproducible fabrication of protected metal nanoelectrodes on silicon chips with <30nm gap width and their electrochemical characterization [33]. For the fabrication of the chips, an optical lithography step and two electron-beam steps are combined (Figure 18). [Pg.117]

In our early work with bimetallic systems, we noticed that, depending on the preparation procedure in UHV, different surface compositions could be produced over the same bulk material owing to the phenomenon of surface segregation [Stamenkovic et al., 2002]. It was essential, then, to establish a methodology for transferring a well-defined bimetallic system into an electrochemical environment for further electrochemical characterization. [Pg.257]

Markovic NM, Radmilovic V, Ross PN. 2003. Physical and electrochemical characterization of bimetallic nanoparticle electrocatalysts. In Wieckowski A, Savinova E, Vayenas C, eds. Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces. New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 311-342. [Pg.267]

Lalande G, Cote R, Tamizhmani G, Guay D, Dodelet JP. 1995. Physical, chemical and electrochemical characterization of heat-treated tetracarboxylic cobalt phthalocyanine adsorbed on carbon black as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 40 2635-2646. [Pg.370]

Hernandez J, Solla-Gullon J, Herrero E. 2004. Gold nanoparticles synthesized in a water-in-oil microemulsion Electrochemical characterization and effect of the surface structure on the oxygen reduction reaction. J Electroanal Chem 574 185-196. [Pg.589]

Even smaller pipettes, down to 3nm radius, were used to measure facilitated IT kinetics [8a]. Unlike micrometer-sized pipettes, the size and shape of a nanometer-radius ITIES cannot be evaluated by optical microscopy. Thus, a thorough electrochemical characterization of nanopipettes is required. Another problem is a higher internal resistance, which increases with decreasing radius and can become as high as 100 [8a]. A... [Pg.389]

The radii of both orifices can be either on a micrometer or a submicrometer scale. If the device is micrometer-sized, it can be characterized by optical microscopy. The purposes of electrochemical characterization of a dual pipette are to determine the effective radii and to check that each of two barrels can be independently polarized. The radius of each orifice can be evaluated from an IT voltammogram obtained at one pipette while the second one is disconnected. After the outer surface of glass is silanized, the diffusion-limiting current to each water-filled barrel follows Eq. (1). The effective radius values calculated from that equation for both halves of the d-pipette must be close to the values found from optical microscopy. [Pg.390]

Battery applications Titanium containing y-Mn02 (TM) hollow spheres synthesis and catalytic activities in Li-air batteries [123] Orthorhombic LiMn02 nanorods for lithium ion battery application [124] Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal—air batteries [125] Electrocatalytic activity of nanosized manganite [126]... [Pg.228]

Hu, C., Liao, S., Chang, K., Yang, Y. and Lin, K. (2010) Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal-air batteries impacts of dispersion and interfacial contact. Journal of Power Sources, 195, 7259-7263. [Pg.240]

In this paper, we report on the preparation of ECP composites based on carbon materials. In parallel with the development of the preparation processes and the electrochemical characterization of composites, we have performed an analysis of the supercapacitor cell design based on ECPs. [Pg.65]

Franger, S., Bach, S., Farcy, J., Pereira-Ramos, J.-P, Baffler, N., Synthesis, structural and electrochemical characterization of the sol-gel bimessite Mnj 840,6H2O, J. Power Sources 109, 344-348 (2001). [Pg.508]

C. Privat, S. Trevin, F. Bedioui, and J. Devynck, Direct electrochemical characterization of superoxide anion production and its reactivity toward nitric oxide in solution. J. Electroanal. Chem. 436, 261—265 (1997). [Pg.203]

C.Y. Liu, A.J. Bard, F. Wudl, I. Weitz, and J.R. Heath, Electrochemical characterization of films of single-walled carbon nanotubes and their possible application in supercapacitors. Electrochem. Solid... [Pg.519]

Singh S.P., Singh R.N., Poillearat G., Chartier P., Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization of active films of LaNiOg for use as anode in alkaline water electrolysis, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 20(3), 203-210,1995. [Pg.182]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.8 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.214 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.291 , Pg.292 , Pg.293 ]




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