Superoxide anion production

Storch, J., and Ferber, E. (1988). Detergent-amplified chemiluminescence of lucigenin for determination of superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Anal. Biochem. 169 262-267. 

Sugioka, K., Nakano, M., Kurashige, S. A., Y, and Goto, T. (1986). A chemiluminescent probe with a Cypridina luciferin analog, 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7 dihydroimidazo[l,2-a]pyrazin-3-one, specific and sensitive for superoxide anion production in phagocytizing macrophages. FEBS Lett. 197 27-30. 

Clancy, R.M., Leszczynska-Piziak, J. and Abramason, S.B. (1992). Nitric oxide inhibits neutrophil superoxide anion production via a direct action on the NADPH oxidase. J. Clin. Invest. 90, 1116-1121. 

Bautista, A.P. and Spitzer, J.J. (1992). Acute ethanol intoxication stimulates superoxide anion production by in situ perfused rat liver. Hepatology 15, 892-898. 

Hurst, N.P., Bell, A.L. and Nuki, G. (1986). Studies on the effect of D-pencillamine and sodium aurothiomalate therapy on superoxide anion production by monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis evidence for in vivo stimulation of monocytes. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45, 37-43. 

Oyanagui, Y. (1976). Inhibition of superoxide anion production in macrophages by anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25, 1473-1480. 

D. Ballou, G. Palmer, and V. Massey, Direct demonstration of superoxide anion production during the oxidation of reduced flavin and of its catalytic decomposition by erythrocuprein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 36, 898-904 (1969). 

Y. Ohara, T.E. Peterson, and D.G. Harrison, Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production. J. Clin. Invest. 91, 2546—2551 (1993). 

C. Privat, S. Trevin, F. Bedioui, and J. Devynck, Direct electrochemical characterization of superoxide anion production and its reactivity toward nitric oxide in solution. J. Electroanal. Chem. 436, 261—265 (1997). 

R.H. Fabian, D.S. DeWitt, and T.A. Kent, In vivo detection of superoxide anion production by the brain using a cytochrome c electrode. Cereh. Blood Flow Metah. 15, 242-247 (1995). 

Pineda-Zavela, A.P. et al., Nitric oxide and superoxide anion production in monocytes from children exposed to arsenic and lead in region Lagunera, Mexico, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 198, 283, 2004. 

B. A., Tarpey, M. M., Harrison, D. G., Evidence for enhanced vascular superoxide anion production in nitrate tolerance. A novel mechanism underlying tolerance and cross-tolerance. J. Clin. Invest. 95 (1995), p. 187-194... 

Mercuric chloride can reduce the superoxide anion production by mouse macrophages [ 174], but this effect is probably of little toxicological significance in view of the high concentrations required and of its reversibilities. The effect has been suggested to result from loss of the reducing properties of cellular NADPH. 

Datta, H.K., Manning, P., Rathod, H., and McNeil, CJ. 1995. Effect of calcitonin, elevated calcium and extracellular matrices on superoxide anion production by rat osteoclasts. Exp. Physiol. 80, 713-719. 

Colton CA, Chernyshev ON (1996) Inhibition of microglial superoxide anion production by isoproterenol and dexamethasone. Neurochem. Lnt 29 43-53. 

Marumo, T., Schini-Kerth, V.B., Fisslthaler, B., and Busse, R. 1997. Platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated superoxide anion production modulates activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Circulation 96 2361-2367. 

Also, AMI and N-substituted indole esters (Fig. 3), which were reported to be COX-2 enzyme inhibitors, have inhibitory activity on LP and superoxide anion production [91]. Especially pyrrolidine and o-methylphenyl groups were found to be the most important side chains (Ri group) that elevated both activities for indole esters. 

Oxidative stress appears to have a central role in the induction of apoptosis following the exposure of cells to a range of cytotoxic insults. Anti-apoptotic properties of the antioxidant, 4b,5,9b,10-tetrahydroindeno[l,2-b]indole, in Jurkat T cells subjected to a number of cytotoxic insults. Peroxide and superoxide anion production following UV treatment showed that indole derivative was found to only partially inhibit superoxide anion production and exhibited strong inhibition of caspase-3 activation in UV [115]. 

Several pharmaceutical activities of nucleic acid analogs such as poly(VAd) have been studied in vitro and in cell-free systems [19]. It was expected that the present polymers would be effectively transferred into phagocytes by encapsulating in polysaccharide-coated liposomes and would show increased pharmaceutical activities similar to poly(maleic acid-a/l-2-cyclohexyl-l, 3-dioxap-5-ene) (MA-CDA) [68]. The activation of human neutrophils by poly(VAd) was evaluated by monitoring the in vitro superoxide anion production from activated human neutrophils. Shown in Table 15 is the superoxide liberated from human neutrophils (1 x 106 cells/ml) activated by poly(VAd) (0.5 mg/ml) as a function of time. Poly(VAd) encapsulated in mannan derivative-coated liposomes showed a... 

Table 15. Superoxide anion production from human neutrophils activated by poly(VAd)...

Fig. 20. Superoxide anion production from murine peritoneal macrophage after in vivo activation with poly(VAd) encapsulated in the mannan derivation-coated LUV. — A — Po-ly(VAd)/LUV, - - free poly(VAd), — A — empty LUV without poly(VAd)...

Maier C. M., Sun G. H., Cheng D., Yenari M. A., Chan P. H., and Steinberg G. K. (2002) Effects of mild hypothermia on superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase expression, and activity following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol. Dis. 11, 28 -2. 

Maier et al., 2002 SD rats MCAo 1 h or 2 h 33 and 37, intraischemia (or 90 min in some, rats) with reperfusion Superoxide anion production, SOD expression and activity, 0 h to 2 mo postischemia Reduced superoxide production in penumbra, no change in SOD expression, slight reduction in SOD activity... 

Benzene metabolites have also been shown to damage murine hematopoietic cells in vitro (Seidel et al. 1991). In addition, benzene has been shown to decrease mitochondrial respiration and increase superoxide radical production in isolated rat heart mitochondria (Stolze and Nohl 1994). The effects of exposure of HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemic cells) to hydroquinone, />benzoquinonc, or 1,2,4-benzene-triol were studied by Rao and Snyder (1995). The cytotoxic effect of the metabolites on HL-60 cells, measured as cell viability, could be ranked as />benzoquinone>hydroquinone> 1,2,4-benzenetriol, with viability from 50% to 70% after incubation with concentrations up to 100 pM for 4 hours. Basal levels of superoxide anion or nitric oxide production were not affected by incubation of the cells with the metabolites, but in the presence of TPA, each metabolite increased superoxide anion production however, nitric oxide production was increased with hydroquinone and />benzoquinonc, but not 1,2,4-benzenetriol. HL-60 cells showed increased production of hydrogen peroxide after exposure to the three benzene metabolites. This study suggests that benzene metabolites may predispose the cells to oxidative damage by inhibiting or reducing antioxidant mechanisms within the cell. 

Roney PL, Holian A. 1989. Possible mechanism of chrysotile asbestos-stimulated superoxide anion production in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. Toxicol App Pharmacol 100 132-144. 

Sato, K., Sato, N., Shimizu, H., Tsutiya, T., Takahashi, H., Kakizaki, S., Takayama, H., Takagi, H., and Mori, M. (1999). Faropenem enhances superoxide anion production by human neutrophils in vitro Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AA-. 337-341. 

Y. Ohara, T. E. Peterson and D. G. Harrison, Hypercholesterolemia Increases Endothelial Superoxide Anion Production. Journal of Clinical Investigations 91 (1993) 2546-2551. 

A similar cardioprotective benefit is achieved by agents and antioxidant enzymes that scavenge hydroxyl radicals (or reduce their formation), but not by agents that reduce superoxide anion production. Some compounds of plant origin that have been shown to protect against ischemic injury are procyanidine from Vitis vinifera resveratrol from red wine, " and ginseng extract. ... 

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