Alkaline water electrolysis

Chonglun F., Piron D.L., Paradis R, Hydrogen evolution on electrodeposited nickel-cobalt-molybdenum in alkaline water electrolysis, Electrochim. Acta, 39(18), 2715-2722,1994. 

Dos Santos A.M.H., Acioli M.L., Da Silva J.G. Jr., Pereira S.J.C., Vilar E.O., Tonholo J., Preliminary investigation of some commercial alloys for hydrogen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis, Int. ]. Hydrogen Energ., 29, 235-241, 2004. 

Rosalbino F., Maccio D., Angelini E., Saccone A., Delfino S., Electrocatalytic properties of Fe-R (R = rare earth metal) crystalline alloys as hydrogen electrodes in alkaline water electrolysis, ]. Alloys Compd., 403(1-2), 275-282,2005. 

Potvin E., Brossard L., Electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Fe anodes for alkaline water electrolysis, Mater. Chem. Phys., 31(4), 311-318,1992. 

Singh R.N., Pandey J.P., Anitha K.L., Preparation of electrodeposited thin films of nickel-iron alloys on mild steel for alkaline water electrolysis. Part I Studies on oxygen evolution, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 18(6), 467-473,1993. 

Singh S.P., Singh R.N., Poillearat G., Chartier P., Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization of active films of LaNiOg for use as anode in alkaline water electrolysis, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 20(3), 203-210,1995. 

Pressurised alkaline water electrolysis technology has been state-of-the-art for many years. The system efficiency of real electrolysers ranges from 62% to 70%, including all auxiliaries (AC/DC converter, pumps, blowers, controls, etc.) based on the lower heating value of hydrogen. 

Electrolysers can be classified into three basic kinds, based on the type of electrolyte used alkaline water electrolysers, membrane electrolysers (PEM electrolysers) and high-temperature electrolysers. Alkaline water electrolysis, the oldest and, therefore, most widely used technology, is described in more detail below. Figure 10.6 shows a diagram of an alkaline water electrolyser. 

Table 7.2 Alkaline water electrolysis summary of ranges of experimental parameters."...

B. Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Evolution in Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis... 

Wendt, H., Hofmann, H., and Plzak, V. Anode and cathode-activation, diaphragm-construction and electrolyzer configuration in advanced alkaline water electrolysis, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 9, 297-302 (1984). 

Ramesh, L. et al.. Electrolytic preparation and characterization of Ni-Ee-Mo- alloys cathode materials for alkaline water electrolysis, Int. J. Energy Res., 23, 919-924 (1999). 

The classical alkaline water electrolysis has been chosen as a representative two-phase electrolysis process ... 

Hall DE (1981) Electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis. J Electrochem Soc 128 740... 

Key to meeting the market requirements is reducing the cost of electrolysis. Stuart s patented alkaline water electrolysis cell technology is designed to achieve the cost targets demanded by transportation fuels. The Double Electrode Plate... 

Figure 4.4 Small-scale alkaline water electrolysis systems produced by (a) Hydrogen Systems NV and (b) Hydrogenics. ...

Conventional electrolytic cells use aqueous solutions of KOH or NaOH or NaCl or use solid polymer matrices as the electrolyte. In industrial plants, the alkaline medium is preferred, because corrosion is more easily controlled and cheaper materials can be used than in acidic electrolysis technology. The alkaline water electrolysis using a 25 % potash lye as the electrolyte consumes about 4 kWh/Nm including energy losses and related energy demands for ancillary equipment. It is a mature technology since decades. 

In further German projects (HySolar [13], SWB [14], PHOEBUS [15]), various other advanced alkaline water electrolyzers were developed, constructed and tested in conjunction with renewable solar energy. Since then, no new and innovative approaches in alkaline water electrolysis had been funded or pursued in Germany until the profound change that the introduction of the German Renewable Energies Act [2] brought about. 

Hung C-Y, Li S-D, Wang C-C and Chen C-Y (2012), Influences of a bipolar membrane and an ultrasonic field on alkaline water electrolysis , J Membrane Sci, 389,197-204. 

Wendt H and Hofmann H (1985), Cermet diaphragms and integrated electrode-diaphragm units for advanced alkaline water electrolysis , Int I Hydrogen Energy, 10,375-381. 

In order to analyse hydrogen production through a Pd-Ag cathode, it is necessary to introduce some basic principles of alkaline water electrolysis. 

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