Domain-specific

Definition / An expert system is a computer program that manipulates large amounts of symboHc knowledge using quaUtative techniques, to solve problems that can otherwise be solved only by expert human problem solvers. Expert systems capture the human problem solver s expertise in the form of domain-specific knowledge and domain-independent problem-solving strategies. 

Since many closed-loop systems approximate to second-order systems, a few interesting observations can be made. For the case when the frequency domain specification has limited the value of Mp to 3 dB for a second-order system, then from equation (6.72)... 

Small GTPases of the Rho family are ADP-ribosylated (e.g., at Asn4l of RhoA) and inactivated by C3-like toxins from Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium limosum, and Staphylococcus aureus. These proteins have a molecular mass of 23-30 kDa and consist only of the enzyme domain. Specific inhibition of Rho functions (Rho but not Rac or Cdc42 are targets) is the reason why C3 is widely used as a pharmacological tool [2]. 

It is believed that many transcription factors bind DNA as dimers ( dimeric transcription factors) in either the same or opposite orientation. The DNA sites therefore can look like two direct repeat sequences or like palindromes. The interaction of the subunits with each other must obviously be specific and be mediated by dimerization domains. Specificity and stability of the dimers (dimeric transcription factors) is mostly promoted by hydrophobic or ionic inteiphases, e.g. a... 

Parchmaim et al., 2006 Nieuwe Scheikunde in the Netherlands Driessen Meinema, 2003). For this purpose, we use a synthesis of framewoiks and combine this into a domain-specific curriculum theory (Van Berkel, 2005). VanBerkel s theory is based on the work of Roberts on curriculum emphases, of Schwab on curriculum stractures, of Kuhn on normal science and scientific training and that of Goodlad et al. on cmriculum representations. 

Perform a domain-specific analysis of the nature and stracture of the dominant school chemistry curriculum in terms of a combination of the dominant substantive, philosophical and pedagogical substmctures. 

To develop such questiorrs, and hence to realize the pre-experimental phase as a meaningful learning activity, students need to activate their domain-specific knowledge (Klahr, 2000 Neber Anton, 2008). Neben and Anton have cortsidered a sequence of five procedural steps that are necessary for the pre-experimental phase Observation/phenomenon Access to prior knowledge Epistemic question(s) Anticipated answer(s) Planning for evidence. 

Computer applications allow for defining and managing several important nonclinical data types that are managed by the system itself. Such data are referred to as metadata or control data. These are information such as domain-specific descriptions, application conditions, parameters, and methods in a repository. Control data fields can be part of the data collection forms or in system-defined tables. Some of these control fields include electronic signatures, form status, transmission date, transmission number, field completed, and memo fields (large text format). The database contains tables for reference ranges, visit schedule, form schedule, labels, and drug codes. 

Akhmedov AT, Gross B, Jessberger R 1999 Mammalian SMC3 C-terminal and coiled-coil protein domains specifically bind palindromic DNA, do not block DNA ends, and prevent DNA bending. J Biol Chem 274 38216-38224... 

Websites http //www.tldiabetes.nih.gov/TlD-RAID http //www2.niddk.nih.gov/Research/Resources/ AllServices.htm Eligibility Academic institutions, non-profit research institutions, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, U.S. and non-U.S. entities Intellectual Property It is anticipated that submissions will involve a potential therapeutic that either already has protected IP or will be in the public domain. Specific information can be obtained by contacting T1D-RAID Program officials. 

Microwave heating, being specific and instantaneous, is unique and has found a place in the expeditious chemical synthesis domain. Specifically, the solvent-free re-... 

In addition, and most importantly, samples of typical B2 materials always seem to exhibit minority domains which behave quite differently from the stripe domains. Specifically, at zero field these minority domains have the lower An green birefringence color and show a smooth SmA-like focal conic... 

Pattern reuse and full extensibility Catalysis frameworks can be used to define domain-specific patterns of models, collaboration protocols, and component/connector... 

As of 1998, the OMG was actively working toward such vertical standards in domains that include telecommunications, insurance, finance, and medical care. Microsoft has a less coordinated effort under its DNA project. Every project must invariably also define its own domain-specific standards. 

Reuse of specifications leads to reuse of implementations. In particular, whenever you can implement standardized interfaces, whether domain-specific or for infrastructure services, you enable the reuse of all other implementations that follow those standards. 

Most project risk comes from two sources business requirements and technology infrastructure. It is common for a project team to evaluate complexity based mostly on the business requirements—the problem domain itself—and vastly underestimate the effort it will take to implement all the plumbing and supporting pieces that are not domain-specific. 

Storyboards Sketches of different situations and scenarios in the problem domain, possibly using a domain-specific notation. 

The application architecture A package structure and collaborations. This implements the business logic itself as a collection of collaborating components, with the original specification types now split across different components. The components can range from custom-built to common off-the shelf components, such as spreadsheets, calendars, and contact managers, to purchased domain-specific components such as factory-floor schedulers. This application architecture lives atop, and uses, the technical architecture. 

Reuse Lemmas (1) If you reuse a specification, try a component-based approach implement against the interface and defer binding to the implementation. (2) Reuse of specifications leads to reuse of implementations. In particular, whenever you can implement standardized interfaces, whether domain-specific or for infrastructure services, you enable the reuse of all other implementations that follow those standards. (3) Successful reuse needs thorough interface specifications. (4) If you can componentize your problem domain descriptions themselves and reuse domain models, you greatly enhance your position to reuse interface specifications and implementations downstream. 

K. Gaus, M. Rodriguez, K. R. Ruberu, I. Gelissen, T. M. Sloane, L. Kritharides, and W. Jessup. Domain-specific lipid distribution in macrophage plasma membranes../. Lipid Res. 46 1526-1538 (2005). 

Thankavel, K., Madison, B., Ikeda, T., Malaviya, R., Shah, A. H., Arumugen, P. M., and Abraham, S. N. (1997). Localization of a domain in the FimH adhesin of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae capable of receptor recognition and use of a domain-specific antibody to confer protection against experimental urinary tract infection. /. Clin. Invest. 100, 1123-1126. 

There are a number of time-domain specifications. A few of the most frequently used dynamic specifications are listed below (see also Prob. 6.11). The traditional test input signal is a step change in setpoint. 

The steadystate error is another time-domain specification. It is not a dynamic specification, but it is an important performance criterion. In many loops (but not all) a steadystate error of zero is desired, i.e, the value of the controlled variable should eventually level out at the setpoint. 

The dynamic performance of a system can be deduced by merely observing the location of the roots of the system characteristic equation in the s plane. The time-domain specifications of time constants and damping coefficients for a closedloop system can be used directly in the Laplace domain. 

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